斜拉-悬索协作体系桥的温度效应分析

对自锚式和地锚式2种斜拉-悬索协作体系桥进行了成桥后的温度效应分析,分别考虑了体系温差、索梁塔温差、索塔日照、索梁日照4方面的影响,并对比了2种体系的结果.结果显示温度效应对2种体系内力和位移的影响都比较大,不同种类的温度效应对2种体系的影响程度也不相同,并对其原因进行了分析.     

基于认知差异的交通流动力学建模及仿真

车路通讯技术的发展为驾驶员提供当前和预测的交通状态信息创造了条件.本文考虑驾驶员的预测性及驾驶员群体对交通信息认知的异质性,建立了新的宏观交通流动力学模型.基于线性稳定性理论,获得了新模型的稳定性条件;通过仿真算例,分析了模型参数对交通流稳定性的影响.结果表明,驾驶员的预测时间、记忆时间、最优记忆流量差权重系数、驾驶员类型比例和记忆时间差异对交通流稳定性存在显著影响;而增大预测时间步长、记忆时间步长、权重系数和认知强度系数都可以有效增强交通流的稳定性;但交通信息认知差异增大却会破坏交通流稳定性.     

高校学生自主购买教材的利弊分析

当前国内高校学生自主购买教材的势头越来越猛,它作为一种新生事物,逐步成为了各高校实行的趋势.根据笔者在教材管理部门工作的经验,通过对省内外高校教材部门实行教材学生自主购买的现状进行了深入的调查研究后,认真分析了这种现象的利弊,并对其如何兴利除弊作了一些思考.     

Multi-level forces and differential effects affecting birth cohorts that stimulate mobility change*

This paper presents a dynamic model at three levels to understand changing mobility trends at the population level. A multi-level framework is proposed that enables existing research and analysis to be considered in a more holistic sense. This framework assists in identifying predictions and transition pathways for different birth cohorts, particularly as they reach older age. This has the aim of bringing about a greater understanding of the socio-demographic influence on mobility trends, with a focus on the cultural transitions that affect birth cohorts differently in terms of their travel behaviour. The framework presented here captures the multi-level forces and structural effects that impact mobility. The paper examines how these forces and effects interact at different levels to influence the changing mobility of birth cohorts at different points in time. Examining the simultaneous operation of these levels is of conceptual importance to assist in the interpretation of mobility trends, as well as understanding future mobility implications, of future generations.     

Time-dependent drivers’ merging behavior model in work zone merging areas

This study investigates the drivers’ merging behavior in work zone merging areas during the entire merging implementation period from the time of starting a merging maneuver to that of completing the maneuver. With the actual work zone merging traffic data, we propose a time-dependent logistic regression model considering the possible time-varying effects of influencing factors, and a standard logistic regression model for the purpose of model comparison. Model comparison results show that the time-dependent model performs better than the standard model because the former can provide higher prediction accuracy. The time-dependent model results show that seven factors exhibit time-varying effects on the drivers’ merging behavior, including merging vehicle speed, through lane lead vehicle speed and through lane lag vehicle speed, longitudinal gap between the merging and lead vehicles, longitudinal gap between the merging and through lane lead vehicles, types of through lane lead and through lane lag vehicles. Interestingly, both the through lane lead vehicle speed and the through lane lag vehicle speed are found to exhibit heterogeneous effects at different times of the merging implementation period. One important finding from this study is that the merging vehicle has a decreasing willingness to take the choice of “complete a merging maneuver” as the elapsed time increases if the through lane lead vehicle is a heavy vehicle.     

Extreme-response analysis of jack-up platforms

The extreme wave and current response of a typical North Sea jack-up drilling platform has been calculated using nonlinear, stochastic, time-domain analysis techniques. A statistical treatment of the response-time histories has been performed. Appropriate probability distributions have been fitted to simulated response amplitudes and extrapolated to determine extreme values in storms of 3 or 6 h duration. Nonlinear geometric effects and dynamic effects are also addressed.

The results of the nonlinear time-domain analyses are compared to the results of more simplified methods used in jack-up designs.     

钢筋混凝土L形截面柱框架低周反复加载试验研究

通过两榀比例为1/3的钢筋混凝土L形截面柱框架结构在反复荷载作用下的试验,研究了L形截面柱框架结构的破坏特征、滞回特性、梁柱出铰顺序、结构整体刚度与层间刚度、耗能性能、延性及异形柱截面中和轴变化规律等,分析了框架整体及L形柱的扭转效应。研究结果表明：L形截面柱框架的破坏属于＂强柱弱梁＂型,抗震性能较好,框架扭转效应较小,可忽略;结构的位移延性系数满足抗震规范的要求;在屈服荷载前异形柱的截面变形符合平截面假定。     

自由来流角度影响下壁面湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱的大涡模拟计算分析研究

壁面湍流脉动压力是重要的流噪声声源,对壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行数值计算是流声耦合领域的重要课题。文章在已有工作的基础上,采用大涡模拟方法(LES)结合动态亚格子涡模型(DSL)与千万量级的精细网格,对不同自由来流角度影响下壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行了数值计算与分析。首先,介绍了大涡模拟基本方法,包括:大涡模拟的物理内涵、基本方程以及所采用亚格子涡模型的表达式。其次,介绍了湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱及其计算与分析方法。再次,对不同自由来流角度情况下的湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行了计算,并将计算结果进行了比较分析,深入讨论了自由来流角度对湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱的影响。结果表明,在自由来流角度影响下,湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱主要参数(包括波数—频率谱的谱级峰值、迁移脊在波数—频率域内的分布范围、迁移速度和无量纲迁移速度等)均发生了明显变化,说明自由来流角度对湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱有显著影响,且边界层内湍流脉动压力的能量主要沿流向分布。因此,为了更加准确可靠地研究边界层内湍流脉动压力的主要统计特性及其波数—频率谱,传感器阵列或监测点阵列布置方向应与当地流向(局部剪应力线或摩擦力线)一致。     

Transitioning to energy efficient vehicles: An analysis of the potential rebound effects and subsequent impact upon emissions

Given the shift toward energy efficient vehicles (EEVs) in recent years, it is important that the effects of this transition are properly examined. This paper investigates some of these effects by analyzing annual kilometers traveled (AKT) of private vehicle owners in Stockholm in 2008. The difference in emissions associated with EEV adoption is estimated, along with the effect of a congestion-pricing exemption for EEVs on vehicle usage. Propensity score matching is used to compare AKT rates of different vehicle owner groups based on the treatments of: EEV ownership and commuting across the cordon, controlling for confounding factors such as demographics. Through this procedure, rebound effects are identified, with some EEV owners found to have driven up to 12.2% further than non-EEV owners. Although some of these differences could be attributed to the congestion-pricing exemption, the results were not statistically significant. Overall, taking into account lifecycle emissions of each fuel type, average EEV emissions were 50.5% less than average non-EEV emissions, with this reduction in emissions offset by 2.0% due to rebound effects. Although it is important for policy-makers to consider the potential for unexpected negative effects in similar transitions, the overall benefit of greatly reduced emissions appears to outweigh any rebound effects present in this case study.     

Model test investigation of a spar floating wind turbine

Several floating wind turbine designs whose hull designs reflect those used in offshore petroleum industry have emerged as leading candidates for the future development of offshore wind farms. This article presents the research findings from a model basin test program that investigated the dynamic response of a 1:50 scale model OC3 spar floating wind turbine concept designed for a water depth of 200 m. In this study the rotor was allowed to rotate freely with the wind speed and this approach eliminated some of the undesirable effects of controlling wind turbine rotational speed that were observed in earlier studies. The quality of the wind field developed by an array of fans was investigated as to its uniformity and turbulence intensity. Additional calibration tests were performed to characterize various components that included establishing the baseline wind turbine tower frequencies, stiffness of the delta type mooring system and free decay response behaviour. The assembled system was then studied under a sequence of wind and irregular wave scenarios to reveal the nature of the coupled response behaviour. The wind loads were found to have an obvious influence on the surge, heave and pitch behaviour of the spar wind turbine system. It was observed from the experimental measurements that bending moment at the top of the support tower is dominated by the 1P oscillation component and somewhat influenced by the incoming wave. Further it was determined that the axial rotor thrust and tower-top shear force have similar dynamic characteristics both dominated by tower’s first mode of vibration under wind-only condition while dominated by the incident wave field when experiencing wind-wave loading. The tensions measured in the mooring lines resulting from either wave or wind-wave excitations were influenced by the surge/pitch and heave couplings and the wind loads were found to have a clear influence on the dynamic responses of the mooring system.