Traffic conflict models to evaluate the safety of signalized intersections at the cycle level

The safety of signalized intersections has often been evaluated at an aggregate level relating collisions to annual traffic volume and the geometric characteristics of the intersection. However, for many safety issues, it is essential to understand how changes in traffic parameters and signal control affect safety at the signal cycle level. This paper develops conflict-based safety performance functions (SPFs) for signalized intersections at the signal cycle level. Traffic video-data was recorded for six signalized intersections located in two cities in Canada. A video analysis procedure is proposed to collect rear-end conflicts and various traffic variables at each signal cycle from the recorded videos. The traffic variables include: traffic volume, maximum queue length, shock wave characteristics (e.g. shock wave speed and shock wave area), and the platoon ratio. The SPFs are developed using the generalized linear models (GLM) approach. The results show that all models have good fit and almost all the explanatory variables are statistically significant leading to better prediction of conflict occurrence beyond what can be expected from the traffic volume only. Furthermore, space-time conflict heat maps are developed to investigate the distribution of the traffic conflicts. The heat maps illustrate graphically the association between rear-end conflicts and various traffic parameters. The developed models can give insight about how changes in the signal cycle design affect the safety of signalized intersections. The overall goal is to use the developed models for the real-time optimization of signalized intersection safety by changing the signal design.     

膨胀土边坡护岸组合结构施工应用

针对因膨胀土胀缩性而引发的航道护岸变形问题,研究处理措施。将"多级放坡+浅层改性换填+表层隔排水+深层桩基"组合型护岸结构应用于某航道工程,达到无变形、无裂缝的工程效果,验证了该种组合结构措施抵抗膨胀土胀缩的能力,适用于有桥梁等交叉建筑物的重点航段。     

Methods using belief functions to manage imperfect information concerning events on the road in VANETs

Different models using belief functions are proposed and compared in this article to share and manage imperfect information about events on the road in vehicular networks. In an environment without infrastructure, the goal is to provide to driver the synthesis of the situation on the road from all acquired information. Different strategies are considered: discount or reinforce towards the absence of the event to take into account messages agings, keep the original messages or only the fusion results in vehicles databases, consider the world update, manage the spatiality of traffic jams by taking into account neighborhood. Methods are tested and compared using a Matlab™ simulator. Two strategies are introduced to tackle fog blankets spatiality; they are compared through an example.     

艇体变形对轴系校中的影响

艇体变形是影响轴系校中质量的重要因素,以深水潜器为研究对象,通过建立潜器的三维有限元模型,提出利用弹簧约束调节潜器重力与浮力平衡的方法,分析潜器处于正浮状态时,在重力、浮力和静水压力作用下的艇体变形,得出潜器轴系各个轴承的位移数据,并分析轴承位移造成的轴承负荷变化。为艇体变形影响下的潜器轴系校中提供依据。分析结果表明：耐压艇体内的轴承位移要小于耐压艇体外,支撑轴承的艇体结构的差异会导致轴承位移大小的不同,从而导致各个轴承负荷变化也不一样,艇内液舱的不对称布置会导致位于该液舱上轴承产生较大的横向位移和横向轴承负荷。     

某集装箱船上层建筑振动控制方法

文中对某集装箱船上层建筑出现的振动问题进行模态分析,找出引起其振动的主要激励源,提出几种增强其刚度的振动控制方案,并将其计算频率结果与激励频率进行对比,采用避开激励频率的方法,给出了上层建筑振动控制的优化方案。经实船振动测试,优化方案的上层建筑振动响应有了显著减少,验证了振动控制方法的有效性。     

6.1万吨散货船居住区振动分析及对策研究

在6.1万吨散货船航行试验振动测量过程中,发现主机转速为91 r/min时居住区纵向振动较为严重。文章根据船体结构有限元模态分析理论,结合局部结构振动特性以及主要激励源判断,查找出居住区结构振动异常的原因,并通过采取调整压载水的对策很好地处理了该处振动问题,最终进行了有限元计算和实船测试的双重验证,计算和测试结果均满足技术规格书要求的ISO 6954振动标准,为此类船型设计和运营提供一定的技术参考。     

界牌鱼道进口水力特性数值模拟与优化

以界牌枢纽鱼道工程为例,结合鱼类生态水力特性和平面二维水动力数学模型对界牌枢纽下游河道进行数值模拟,分析电站机组、泄水闸控泄等多重复杂调度方式下的鱼道进口水力特性,并进行方案优化。结果表明,在原设计方案下,新、老电站组合工况下的鱼道进口流速过大,超过鱼类顺利上溯的水力限值;当鱼道进口段附近的电站出水渠进行适当扩宽后,鱼道进口附近水流流速均满足设计要求,在此基础上,进一步将原设计尾水出口左侧的高程开挖使得鱼道进口上移,以此实现鱼道进口良好的上溯条件。     

“中华之星”号高速列车司机室过渡曲面局部空气压力分布研究

“中华之星”号列车端部流线型长度达到5.5m,且采用双拱外形。司机室向车体顶部过渡曲面曲率较大,容易产生流动分离现象,为检验端部流线型外形设计的合理性,采用数值模拟计算和实车试验相结合的方法对其局部表面空气压力分布进行研究。研究结果表明:动力车司机室向车体顶部过渡曲面局部表面未发生流动分离。     

黔桂线改扩建工程几处典型的地质选线

研究目的:黔桂铁路改扩建工程地处西南山区,穿越贵州、广西两省区,沿线地形地质十分复杂,线路方案选择往往受到地质条件的严重制约,因此,在该线改扩建工程初测阶段大力开展区域地质选线工作对节约工程投资、减少地质灾害和工程病害、消除运营隐患是很有必要的。研究方法:在充分收集区域地质资料基础上,通过地质调绘、钻探、静力触探等综合勘探方法,查明选线段重大工程地质问题,从地质角度确定线路方案。研究结果:通过不同方案地质条件必选,最终确定了地质条件好的线路方案。研究结论:西南山区地形地质复杂,线路方案比选中应充分研究沿线地质条件,绕避复杂、严重地质不良地段。本文系统介绍了黔桂线改扩建工程初测阶段几处典型的、成功的地质选线,概括性地总结了地质选线应绕避的重大地质问题,其选线思路、比选条件及评价意见等可作为其它山区铁路勘察设计参考和借鉴。     

真空预压法加固地基效果的影响因素

通过对影响真空预压地基加固效果的几个关键因素的分析,认为改进真空预压射流泵、提高加固区四周的密封性、膜上加载、在一定范围内减少塑料排水板间距是有效提高地基固结度、缩短工期、节约工程成本的主要途径。