基于并联型灰色神经网络模型的港口吞吐量预测方法探讨

港口吞吐量预测是港口规划的基础,在确定港口发展方向、投资规模等方面发挥着十分重要的作用,因此有必要对港口吞吐量的发展趋势做出合理的预测。结合灰色理论和神经网络模型的特点,尝试用灰色神经网络组合模型之一——并联型灰色神经网络模型进行港口吞吐量预测。用实际算例证明了该方法在港口吞吐量预测中的有效性。     

CubeCargo软件应用于货运交通规划的研究

随着现代物流的发展，国际和国内的货运需求均呈现快速增长的形势，对传统货运交通规划工作提出了新的挑战。与客运交通规划相比，货运交通规划具有不少鲜明的特点，专门针对货运交通规划的分析工具也很少。为此，在分析了基于车辆和基于货物两类货运交通规划方法的流程和优缺点的基础上，提出基于货物的货运交通规划方法更有优势。通过示例，探讨了如何运用CubeCargo软件开展基于货物的货运交通规划，实现货运发生和吸引、货运分布、货运方式划分、货运交通分配的预测工作。     

Forecasting container throughput based on wavelet transforms within a decomposition-ensemble methodology: a case study of China

To improve predictive accuracy, new hybrid models are proposed for container throughput forecasting based on wavelet transforms and data characteristic analysis (DCA) within a decomposition-ensemble methodology. Because of the complexity and nonlinearity of the time series of container throughputs at ports, the methodology decomposes the original time series into several components, which are rather simpler sub-sequences. Consequently, difficult forecasting tasks are simplified into a number of relatively easier subtasks. In this way, the proposed hybrid models can improve the accuracy of forecasting significantly. In the methodology, four main steps are involved: data decomposition, component reconstruction based on the DCA, individual prediction for each reconstructed component, and ensemble prediction as the final output. An empirical analysis was conducted for illustration and verification purposes by using time series of container throughputs at three main ports in Bohai Rim, China. The results suggest that the proposed hybrid models are able to forecast better than do other benchmark models. Forecasting may facilitate effective real-time decision making for strategic management and policy drafting. Predictions of container throughput can help port managers make tactical and operational decisions, such as operations planning in ports, the scheduling of port equipment, and route optimization.     

基于出行方式链的城市轨道交通客流分析方法

传统"四阶段"法预测流程无法准确预测与轨道交通接驳的交通方式及换乘客流.借鉴基于活动的交通需求模型中利用出行链来解释人的出行行为的方法,提出了基于出行方式链的轨道交通客流分析方法.使用三层的Nested-Logit模型来模拟出行者选择轨道交通为主要出行方式接驳其他交通方式和预测各种方式的客流,建立了轨道交通出行方式链模...     

Carpooling and carpool clubs: Clarifying concepts and assessing value enhancement possibilities through a Stated Preference web survey in Lisbon, Portugal

The increase of urban traffic congestion calls for studying alternative measures for mobility management, and one of these measures is carpooling. In theory, these systems could lead to great reductions in the use of private vehicles; however, in practice they have obtained limited success for two main reasons: the psychological barriers associated with riding with strangers and poor schedule flexibility. To overcome some of the limitations of the traditional schemes, we proposed studying a carpooling club model with two main new features: establishing a base trust level for carpoolers to find compatible matches for traditional groups and at the same time allowing to search for a ride in an alternative group when the pool member has a trip schedule different from the usual one. A web-based survey was developed for the Lisbon Metropolitan Region (Portugal), including a Stated Preference experiment, to test the concept and confirm previous knowledge on these systems’ determinants. It was found through a binary logit Discrete Choice Model calibration that carpooling is still attached with lower income strata and that saving money is still an important reason for participating in it. The club itself does not show promise introducing more flexibility in these systems; however, it should provide a way for persons to interact and trust each other at least to the level of working colleagues.     

两种短时交通流混沌预测方法分析

短时交通流预测是智能交通系统的核心内容和交通信息服务、交通诱导的重要基础。采用符合交通流特性的混沌理论对短期交通流进行预测。在相空间重构和混沌识别的基础上,建立短期交通流加权一阶局域预测模型和基于最大Lyapunov指数的预测模型,并对一组实际的交通流数据进行预测。仿真结果表明:两种方法都能较准确的预测交通流,但最大Lyapunov指数预测模型的预测精度相对较高。     

黄土路堤沉降特性与工后沉降预测模型分析

阐述了黄土的分布与性质,对黄土路堤沉降的机理及原因进行了分析.分析比较了基于实测资料预测黄土路堤工后沉降值的实用模型,包括指数模型,幂函数模型,双曲线模型.以指数模型为例,根据已建成某大坝实测数据,确定了预测模型的参数.     

郑州市科学大道-西三环互通式立交工程方案选型设计探讨

从预测交通量分析出发,结合互通式立交功能、既有构造物等建设条件,对互通式立交型式进行方案综合比选,从而推荐出功能完善、与既有构造物衔接良好、造价较低的互通方案。     

Scheduled paratransit transport systems

In this paper we focus on ways to provide individualized services to people with mobility challenges using existing modes of public transport. We study the design of an interesting case, in which a bus operating in a public transport route may diverge from its nominal path to pick-up passengers with limited mobility and drop them off at their destination. We have modeled the design problem by a mixed integer-linear program, and we developed an exact Branch and Price approach to solve it to optimality. The proposed approach includes a labeling algorithm in which we introduced appropriate dominance rules, which do not compromise optimality. We have compared the efficiency of our approach with that of related algorithms from the literature. Furthermore, we have used the proposed approach to study key aspects of the system design problem, such as the effect of various constraints on the service level, and the tuning of the system’s parameters to address different transport environments.     

Airport demand management: The operations research and economics perspectives and potential synergies

Airport demand management aims to mitigate air traffic congestion by limiting the imbalances between demand and capacity at busy airports through administrative measures (e.g., slot controls) or economic incentives (e.g., congestion pricing, slot auctions). This paper provides an integrated synthesis of the contributions of the fields of operations research/management science (OR/MS) and economics on the subject matter. From an operating standpoint, assessing the benefits of demand management requires estimates of airport capacity and models of airport on-time performance. From a managerial standpoint, the design of demand management mechanisms can be supported by decision-making models of flight scheduling. From an economic standpoint, the welfare impact of congestion pricing, slot controls and slot auctions depends on the market structure at the airport. This paper proposes an integrated framework that underscores the interdependencies between these operating, managerial and economic aspects to foster cross-disciplinary approaches toward more effective demand management policies at busy airports worldwide.