船艇舱室火灾危险性的灰色聚类评估研究

在对船艇舱室火灾危险性评估的重要性及其方法进行分析的基础上,提出运用灰色聚类分析的原理和方法来确定船艇舱室火灾的危险性评估问题,既避免了人为定性判断的主观任意性,又克服了其它定量方法对船艇舱室火灾危险性评估问题的缺陷和不足,使火灾危险性评估更为有效合理,从而更好地进行安全防范。     

长江汽渡渡运装载危险品车辆的安全风险与管理对策

试从长江汽车渡船渡运装载危险品车辆的安全与防污染风险分析,探寻有效减少风险的管理对策。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle

This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle. Tests were carried out under quasi-steady-state conditions, on a full-scale roller rig, and allowed to point out the effect of different parameters like the wheelset's angle of attack and the ratio between the vertical loads acting on the flanging and non-flanging wheels. On the basis of the test results, some existing derailment criteria are analysed in this paper and two new criteria are proposed. A model of wheel-rail contact is proposed for the mathematical modelling of the flange climb process, and numerical vs. experimental comparisons are used to obtain model validation.     

基于支持向量机的船舶航向广义预测控制

船舶的动态性能具有大惯性、大时滞、非线性等特点,经采用基于结构风险最小化原则的神经网络--支持向量机,能充分发挥其可以任意逼近非线性模型的良好特性来对船舶进行辨识,并以此作为广义预测控制算法中的预测模型,加以相应的预测控制算法达到航向保持的目的.仿真结果表明:支持向量机学习速度快,在小样本情况下具有良好的非线性建模和泛化能力;基于支持向量机的广义预测控制算法具有很好的控制性能.     

跨江大桥危化品运输风险及预防机制研究

目前大部分处于运营期的国内跨江大桥,在危化品运输车辆通行安全方面存在一定隐患,一旦危化品运输车辆发生事故,就有可能直接导致生命、财产损失,对跨江大桥造成一定的伤害。该文通过对跨江大桥危化品运输风险进行测算,明确其发生概率及事故严重后果,提出在桥梁设计阶段和运营期间一系列预防预警措施,如强化重点结构部位的监控预警、在设计阶段进行安全风险评估、对危化品车辆适时限行等,以期进一步降低跨江大桥危化品运输风险,提高危化品运输车辆通行效率。     

Dynamic Train-Track Interaction: Variability Attributable to Scatter in the Track Properties

A numerical method to simulate vertical dynamic interaction between a rolling train and a railway track has been used to investigate the influence of stochastic properties of the track structure. A perturbation technique has been used to investigate the influence of the scatter in selected track properties. The train-track interaction problem has been numerically solved by use of an extended state-space vector approach in conjunction with a complex modal superposition for the whole track structure. All numerical simulations have been carried out in the time-domain with a moving mass model. Properties such as rail pad stiffness, ballast stiffness, dynamic ballast-subgrade mass and sleeper spacing have been studied. To obtain sufficient statistical information from track structures, full-scale measurements in the field and laboratory measurements have been carried out. The influence of scatter in the track properties on the maximum contact force between the rail and the wheel, the maximum magnitude of the vertical wheelset acceleration, and the maximum sleeper displacement have been studied. Mean values and standard deviations of these quantities have been calculated. The effects of the variation of the investigated track properties are discussed.     

华北高速公路交通事故的日迹变化与气象要素的关联分析

通过整理华北高速公路3年(2007年3月～2010年2月)逐时的交通事故资料,并与同步气象要素资料进行日迹变化分析,可以看到平均交通事故的日迹变化呈双峰型分布特征。由此,按交通事故双峰型的时间段(5:00～12:00和13:00～次日4:00),分别以年度、春季、夏季、秋季和冬季的平均交通事故与同步气象要素的日迹变化进行相关分析,其中平均气温、平均风速和平均相对湿度与交通事故的相关程度都通过了相应的统计学检验(R>Rα=0.05和F>Fα=0.05),而且在夏季5:00～12:00的交通事故高峰过程中,交通事故与风速呈指数相关的系数高达0.992 3,相当于平均风速每减小1m.s-1,交通事故的增加幅度为0.28次。为将自动气象监测的信息更好地服务于高速公路的交通安全,设计出了高速公路交通事故的气象风险等级指标。由此可见,华北高速公路交通事故的日迹变化与气象要素的分析成果,可为高速公路交通安全提供客观的科学依据。     

黄冈公铁两用长江大桥施工质量技术风险分析及控制

黄冈公铁两用长江大桥技术含量高、施工难度大,在施工过程中,技术风险突出.为控制该桥的施工风险,保障施工安全,从施工过程仿真计算、钢桁梁及斜拉索的制造及施工技术方案3个方面分析该桥施工质量技术风险.根据风险分析,论述了技术风险控制手段、特点,有针对性地提出大桥施工期间技术风险控制策略及具体方法.结果表明,该桥在施工过程中的技术风险能够得到有效控制.     

工程机械融资租赁的风险控制

为了更好地控制工程机械融资租赁的风险,针对工程机械融资租赁这一特殊行业的特点,通过工作总结和文献研究,对融资租赁中的风险加以分析、评价,提出了相应的风险控制方法,对工程机械融资租赁的风险控制具有指导意义.     

考虑不确定性因素的路径优化(英文)

A route optimization methodology in the frame of an onboard decision support/guidance system for the ship’s master has been developed and is presented in this paper.The method aims at the minimization of the fuel voyage cost and the risks related to the ship’s seakeeping performance expected to be within acceptable limits of voyage duration.Parts of this methodology were implemented by interfacing alternative probability assessment methods,such as Monte Carlo,first order reliability method(FORM) and second order reliability method(SORM),and a 3-D seakeeping code,including a software tool for the calculation of the added resistance in waves of NTUA-SDL.The entire system was integrated within the probabilistic analysis software PROBAN.Two of the main modules for the calculation of added resistance and the probabilistic assessment for the considered seakeeping hazards with respect to exceedance levels of predefined threshold values are herein elaborated and validation studies proved their efficiency in view of their implementation into an on-board optimization system.