我国城市轨道交通发展现状探讨

对我国城市轨道交通发展现状进行了深入的探讨.     

论发展是执政兴国第一要务

江泽民同志"发展是执政兴国的第一要务"的精辟论断,不仅闪耀着马克思主义的思想光芒,而且对于执政党的领导工作具有十分重要的指导意义。深刻理解"发展是执政兴国的第一要务"思想,必须把握发展是执政兴国第一要务的理论渊源、了解执政兴国第一要务的实践要求、掌握执政兴国第一要务的本质内涵。     

交通运输科技创新驱动发展关键制约及发展策略研究

为深入分析我国交通运输科技创新发展面临的关键制约问题，提出创新驱动发展的战略举措，对我国交通运输科技创新在体制机制、技术研发、能力建设及成果转化等方面存在的问题进行了分析，研究了新时期交通运输科技创新面临的经济、人口、社会、气候环境、国际政治等方面的形势需求，提出了我国交通运输科技创新驱动发展的政策措施建议。研究认为，我国交通运输科技创新驱动发展的根本制约在于技术研发自主程度不足、创新动力活力不足，科技创新成果转化链条不畅；新时期，我国交通运输科技创新需加强统筹谋划，强化顶层设计，加强科技研发，增强自主创新能力，进一步深化体制机制改革，激发创新活力。     

When it comes to container port efficiency,are all developing regions equal?

In this paper we carry out a container port performance analysis of the developing world between 2000 and 2010, using both parametric and nonparametric approaches. From a unique dataset – our sample covers 70 developing countries, 203 ports, and 1750 data points–, we examine the evolution and drivers of productivity and efficiency changes across developing regions. We show that productivity growth rates between 2000 and 2010 vary significantly and that this heterogeneity is explained by pure efficiency changes rather than scale efficiency of technological changes. Therefore, we carry out a detailed efficiency analysis to determine the drivers of port efficiency. Time series results show an upward trend for port efficiency in developing regions, as it increased from 51 percent in 2000 to 61 percent in 2010. Our analysis indicates that private sector participation, the reduction of corruption in the public sector, improvements in liner connectivity and the existence of multimodal links increase the level of port efficiency in developing regions.     

软弱围岩隧道的施工技术

随着科学技术的进步和生产管理水平的不断提高,我国修筑长大软弱围岩隧道的能力不断提高。该文以神(木)至延(安)铁路W9标隧道施工为例,阐述了软弱地质围岩地段隧道的施工方法、技术要领。文章强调地质预测和地质灾害预报的重要性,总结成功的做法,为同等条件下的施工提供借鉴。     

城镇公交线网布局优化方法研究

针对目前我国城镇公交线网布局不合理,层次结构不明显,线网重复率高,线网密度和覆盖率低等问题,基于客观性、可行性、实用性的原则,给出了城镇公交线网优化的思路、步骤及方法,从公交线路的优良度排序、区域分布特征、与轨道和枢纽的接驳、居民的反馈意见及公交运输部门的利益均衡等方面进行了合理性分析,并对优化方案进行了评价。最后,进行了实例验证。应用结果表明该方法可操作性强,能够很好的兼顾各方面的利益,是切实可行的。     

对乡村公路养护的一点见解

近年来,农村公里里程不断增加,养护问题日益突出,对此问题,对乡村公路的破坏形式及处理方法,谈了肤浅见解.     

山区通村公路水泥混凝土路面轴载换算方法的研究

通过对承德地区山区通村公路的轴载谱进行分析研究,阐述了现行水泥混凝土路面轴载换算方法,并提出了其作为通村公路轴载换算标准的局限性。运用ANSYS有限元软件分析计算,重新回归了荷载应力公式中的相关系数,推导了通村公路水泥混凝土路面的荷载应力公式和轴载换算公式,可为山区通村公路水泥混凝土路面设计提供参考。     

碳排放控制的国际比较及经验借鉴

碳排放的增长是影响人类生存环境的重要问题,控制碳排放已成为全球共识。本文基于国际比较的视角,选取已实现碳达峰的部分国家为研究对象,从不同发展阶段剖析碳排放的演变规律,从经济发展、能源结构及产业结构维度对比各国实现碳达峰前后的社会经济变化规律,分析各国碳达峰后的减排效果及路径。研究表明,通常情况下,碳排放强度达峰早于碳排放总量达峰,碳排放与经济发展的关系普遍存在由相互依赖到弱脱钩再到强脱钩的阶段性变化规律;碳达峰后,出现经济增长趋缓,化石能源占比下降及第三产业比重上升的趋势,年均减排速度在1.6%左右。目前,我国社会经济发展水平与碳达峰国家还有一定差距,碳达峰与碳中和时间间隔短,减排任务与难度更大,应借鉴已达峰国家经验,优化产业结构,促进燃料及能源结构变革,培育社会低碳意识,坚持走绿色可持续发展道路。     

Coastal Resources as an Engine of Economic Growth and Reduction of Poverty in West Africa: Policy Considerations

This article synthesizes lessons and outcomes from the second international Coastal Zone Asia-Pacific conference (CZAP) on “Improving the Quality of Life in Coastal Areas,” held in Brisbane in September 2004. The conference theme was chosen as a follow-up from the first CZAP that identified priority actions in response to the increasing recognition of social issues in coastal management, particularly those aiming to improve the state of the coastal areas in the Asia-Pacific region. The second CZAP explored the “quality of life” theme by placing emphasis on rectifying coastal poverty, sustaining livelihoods, and protecting cultural heritage. Mechanisms to address these issues were explored through international agreements, participatory research, capacity building, and education, as well as the continuing need for integrated planning, environmental management, and effective monitoring and evaluation. A post-conference survey showed that the second CZAP resulted in 122 initiatives (82 underway and another 40 planned) to progress the improvement of quality of life in coastal areas. These initiatives ranged from the establishment of a unit that is responsible for river basin and coastal zone management by the Thua Thien Hue provincial government in Vietnam, to a collaborative on-ground livelihoods project between NGOs, government, and financial institutions on coastal zone management facilitated by the Asian Development Bank. However, the authors argue that two key challenges for ICM in the Asia-Pacific region remain. These challenges relate to the effective monitoring and evaluation of ICM initiatives, as well as matching future ICM initiatives to emergent priority areas.