论船舶登记中的"真正联系"原则

为了改变方便旗船舶管理与控制难的问题,人们提出船旗国和船舶之间要确立“真正联系”原则。本文对“真正联系”原则的提出、对该原则的发展做出简单描述；对“真正联系”原则三要素进行详细分析,指出要符合三个事实：船旗国内的船公司至少有本国的代表或管理人的事实、在船舶所有权上船旗国应有资金参与的事实、船旗国应配备本国船员在其船上工作的事实。     

FDI理论发展演变的探析

中国在融入世界经济的进程中,对外开放政策正从主要靠“引进来”为主转向“引进来”和“走出去”并重的新阶段。本文阐述并总结了国外及国内的FDI理论,这些理论可以为我国直接投资提供理论支持。     

Market role and regulation of extensive urban minibus services as large bus service capacity is restored - Case studies from Ghana, Georgia and Kazakhstan

In some cities, the degeneration and collapse of formal bus services has allowed large-scale minibus operations to become established but, over time, city authorities and municipal bus operators regain at least part of their operating capacity and seek to regain their market share. This paper examines and compares three case studies: Accra, Tbilisi, and cities of Kazakhstan. It examines the development of the urban minibus services market as conventional bus services went into decline, the gradual re-emergence of large buses, how the authorities have viewed the minibuses as circumstances change, and market and regulatory strategies followed by city authorities.     

Traffic problems in Southeast Asia featuring the case of Cambodia's traffic accidents involving motorcycles

This article provides the background to the special issue by reviewing the status of traffic problems in South East Asian countries, and in particular, the case of Cambodia. The “Make Roads Safe” report by the Commission for Global Road Safety (2011) confirms traffic accidents as the primary cause of youth mortality worldwide. Thus, the United Nations declared the decade from 2011 to 2020 as the “UN Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020”, promoting road safety and to reduce the number of deaths in road accidents by 2020. Furthermore, the “Sustainable Development Goals” adopted in 2015 highlight the important role of sustainable transport in tackling the exclusion of vulnerable groups. On the other hand, the World Health Organization in 2015 indicate an increase in the death rate due to traffic accidents in low-income countries since 2000. Traffic accidents were already recognized as a social problem before the 2000s in countries such as Thailand and the Philippines. At the same time, other ASEAN member states such as Vietnam and Cambodia which have experienced rapid economic growth since the 2000s are now experiencing the seriousness of traffic problems. It is said that 70% of road accidents in Thailand, Cambodia and Laos involve motorcycles and three-wheelers, but despite this situation, the regulatory framework for motorcycles remains undeveloped. In the case of Cambodia, speeding by young people remains the major cause of road deaths and this can be explained by the fact that people can now travel at a higher speed because of road developments but remaining challenges related to underdeveloped traffic legislation, and limited public awareness and knowledge of road safety are overlooked. In 2010, the Cambodian National Road Safety Action Plan 2010–2020 was drafted, aiming to halve the number of deaths in traffic accidents in 2020. However, in reality, the number of road deaths did not decrease to the level anticipated in the action plan until 2016. In this article, the authors emphasize the importance of implementing the “three Es” namely Engineering, Enforcement and Education in developing countries such as Cambodia. In particular, the authors claim that the role of education to increase people's road safety awareness is neglected compared to the other two dimensions and thus, it is highly important to raise people's road safety awareness through education among the young people.     

平原地区排水规划特点浅析

平原地区地形地势平坦、低洼、地面高程变化小,周边河道的水位较高,排涝水位高于地面高程,导致了平原地区淹水内涝频繁,排水系统规划设计较难等特点。该文通过对丰县排水规划的总结,分析了平原地区排水的特点,并提出相应的解决办法。     

青藏铁路修筑后次生不良冻土现象的特征及发展趋势

青藏铁路的修建会形成次生不良冻土现象,次生不良冻土现象会对铁路产生诸多危害。研究青藏铁路修筑以后次生不良冻土现象的特征及发展趋势意义重大。对青藏铁路沿线不同类型的次生不良冻土现象进行调查研究,研究青藏铁路修筑以后次生不良冻土现象产生的机理、发育特征及发展趋势。查明对青藏铁路有直接或潜在威胁的次生不良冻土现象18处,其中与路基有关的次生不良冻土现象较少;与桥梁有关的次生不良冻土现象,主要是桥下形成冰椎、冰幔等;与涵洞有关的次生不良冻土现象,主要有涵洞下沉等。研究表明:未来气温升高导致多年冻土上限附近地下冰大量融化,将会产生诸多次生不良冻土病害,影响铁路的正常运营。     

超长海底公路隧道建筑限界分析研究

目前，全世界已建、在建和拟建跨海通道已有100 多条，遍布五大洲。特别是发达国家，更是走在了前列。党的十九大作出了建设交通强国的战略决策，我国也将出现一大批海底隧道超级工程，针对其特点，进行超长海底公路隧道建筑限界的分析研究。     

我国可降解塑料快餐餐具的研究现状与发展方向

一次性塑料餐具的大量使用给环境造成越来越大的危害，已引起全社会的关注。本文根据我国国情描述了降解餐具的研究背景、研究现状，并指出降解塑料餐具在技术开发、生产应用等领域的发展方向。     

Line haul interstation spacing for low cost feeder modes

The choice behaviour of low cost travel (LCT) modes is very sensitive to travel distance. A line haul system designed on the basis of current planning practice of locating widely spaced stations to cater auto and bus feeder modes with the primary objective of gaining travel speed is hostile to non‐motorized and low cost feeder modes. With the revival of interest in promoting the use of walk'n ride and bike'n ride modes, there is a need to develop an appropriate tool to examine the effect of their specific characteristics in establishing the number and location of stations.

A generic normative behavioural hybrid model for locating the cost minimizing number and location of stations is developed for an LCT‐fed line haul system. The model considers the system with many to many two dimensional line haul demand density function in which the density varies in both x‐ and y‐directions. The feeder mode choice behaviour is incorporated in the model by integrating probability‐access/egress distance function with the objective function. Explicit functional relationships among the parameters of these feeder modes such as modal share as a function of access/egress distance with the parameters of line haul systems are developed. Dynamic programming is used to minimize the system cost. The generic model is shown to collapse into several simplified models capable of yielding approximate solutions for several well known special cases. It has been shown that location of stations is sensitive to the through load on board as well as users’ cost that defines the choice behaviour at large. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the model.