掺烧乙醇/水对柴油机燃烧与排放性能的影响

针对TBD234V6型柴油机,采用AVL-fire软件对额定工况下,不同乙醇/水掺混比进行三维数值模拟研究,对比分析缸内压力、缸内温度、缸内温度场、燃烧放热率、NOx浓度、NOx浓度场、Soot浓度、Soot浓度场,并通过赋权法确定最优乙醇/水掺混比。结果表明：随着乙醇/水掺混比的增加,缸内压力逐渐升高,燃烧放热率滞后,燃油消耗率呈上升趋势,但在0E10W时,最高燃烧压力下降率约为3.7%;燃油消耗率下降0.38%;缸内高温分布区域缩小,NOx和Soot浓度下降。通过计算确定最优掺混比为20E10W,此时,最高燃烧压力提升5.6%,燃油消耗率上升2.41%,NOx排放下降率约为18.8%,Soot排放下降率约为29.6%。研究结果可为船用柴油机采用柴油/乙醇/水三燃料燃烧提供一定的指导依据。     

双燃料发动机电力推进LNG船可燃气体探测系统设计简介

详细介绍了双燃料发动机电力推进LNG船可燃气体探测系统设计的基本要求,包括可燃气体探头及取样管在不同区域的布置情况及数量要求。所述内容不仅涉及LNG船本身的要求,也覆盖了其他类型的液化气体运输船的相关要求。     

In-use measurement of the activity, fuel use, and emissions of eight cement mixer trucks operated on each of petroleum diesel and soy-based B20 biodiesel

In-use micro-scale fuel use and emission rates were measured for eight cement mixer trucks using a portable emission measurement system. Each vehicle was tested on petroleum diesel and B20 biodiesel. Average fuel use and emission rates increase monotonically versus engine manifold absolute pressure. A typical duty cycle includes loading at a cement plant, transit while loaded from the cement plant to work site, creeping in a queue of vehicles at the worksite, unloading, and transit without load from the site to the plant. For B20 versus petroleum diesel, there is no significant change in the rate of fuel use, CO₂ emissions, and NO emissions, and significant decreases in emissions for CO, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. For loaded versus unloaded onroad travel, fuel use and CO₂ emissions rates are approximately 60% higher and the rates for other pollutants are approximately 30–50% higher. A substantial portion of cycle emissions occurred at the work site. Inter-vehicle and intra-cycle variability are also quantified using the micro-scale methodology.     

浅析柴油机拉缸的成因及预防措施

拉缸是柴油机常见的故障之一,直接影响柴油机的经济性、动力性和可靠性。文章介绍了船舶柴油机拉缸的主要征兆,分析了柴油机发生拉缸的原因,提出了针对柴油机拉缸所采取的相应措施。     

机车柴油机喷油泵凸轮接触应力分析

针对机车柴油机喷油泵凸轮表面常出现点蚀、麻点、剥落等损伤问题,开展喷油泵凸轮轮廓升程段的接触应力研究,分析导致喷油泵凸轮表面失效的原因。以16V240ZJB型柴油机为例,通过对油泵凸轮轮廓曲线进行几何分析,导出凸轮升程段的运动方程。采用弹性力学中的赫兹理论,建立油泵凸轮接触应力的计算式,并通过计算机编程,从理论上计算和分析喷油泵凸轮表面的接触应力。理论计算结果表明:喷油泵凸轮的接触应力虽高达1 421.655 MPa,但并未超过许用应力值。因此建议从材料加工工艺方面查找原因,提高凸轮表面加工质量,并采用复合强化工艺,进一步加大喷油泵凸轮表面的强度。     

PA6-280柴油机的变工况多目标配气正时优化计算

建立了柴油机废气涡轮前的燃气能量和燃油消耗率的综合评价函数，采用多目标优化的方法，对PA6-280柴油机的进排气正时进行了优化计算，分析了配气正时的调控对柴油机性能的影响。     

柴油机曲轴整体应力分析方法的研究

本文针对曲轴整体计算巾的两个难点分别提出了新的解决办法.对确定曲柄臂刚度问题,先用有限元法计算单拐,再把求出的节点位移作为已知数,反求曲柄臂当量梁的等效刚度;对确定支承刚度则采用曲轴—机体的计算模型.文章以16V24DZJ 柴油机曲轴为例进行了计算,给出了主要的计算结果.与实测相比,平均误差16.8%.     

Parametric study of the main parameters influencing the catalytic efficiency of a diesel oxidation catalyst: Parameters influencing the efficiency of a diesel catalyst

This work studies the impact of five parameters: CO and HC engine-out emissions, space velocity, average value and profile of exhaust temperature, on Diesel CO and HC tail-pipe emissions. The first part of this work is conducted on a reactor and shows that both HC and CO light-off temperature increases with CO and HC input concentration. CO and HC initial concentration influence the adsorption/desorption capacities of HC only at high temperatures. Space velocity also influences CO and HC conversion efficiency. The second part of this work studies the impact of different combinations of HC and CO engine-out emissions on CO and HC conversion and tail-pipe emissions in the case of New European Driving Cycle. This part proposes that a Diesel oxidation catalyst must be mainly studied at the Urban Part of NEDC, as the CO and HC conversions are very high at the extra-urban part of NEDC. CO and HC conversion efficiencies are also dependent on exhaust temperature and catalytic volume. In the case of two different profiles of exhaust temperature with the same average temperature, CO and HC conversion efficiency is lower in the case of the smoother profile.     

Comparison of HC species from diesel combustion modes and characterization of a heat-up doc formulation

This study summarizes engine speed and load effects on HC species emissions from premixed charge compression ignition (PCI) and conventional diesel combustion, and it evaluates diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) formulations on a gas flow reactor for the purpose of diesel particulate filter regeneration or lean NO_x trap desulfation. HC emissions are sampled simultaneously by a Tedlar bag for light HC species and by a Tenax TA™ adsorption trap for semi-volatile HC species, and they are analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The bulk temperature and residence time during combustion are key parameters that are important for understanding the effects of speed and load on engine-out HC emissions. The degree of post-flame oxidation is higher in PCI than in conventional combustion, and it is increased for PCI with a higher speed and load, as indicated by a lower fuel alkanes/THC ratio, a higher alkenes/fuel alkanes ratio, and a higher methane/THC ratio. Ethene and n-undecane are two representative HC species, and they are used as a surrogate mixture in the gas flow reactor to simulate PCI and conventional combustion with in-cylinder post fuel injection. Among the three DOC formulations tested, the catalyst with constituent precious metals of platinum and palladium (PtPd) showed the best light-off performance, followed by PtPd with an addition of cerium dioxide (PtPd+CeO₂), and platinum (Pt), regardless of exhaust compositions. Conventional combustion exhaust composition shows a lower light-off temperature than that of PCI, regardless of catalyst formulation.     

柴油机有效压缩比与参数变化之探讨

探讨双燃循环大型海运低速柴油机其重要参数的名义压缩比与有效压缩比[1]、理想绝热压缩压力与实际压缩压力[2]的差异,利用精确量测间隙容积(Clearance volume),探讨理想与实际的压缩压力比较差异,利用此一正确的机器设计参数,探讨如何加强维持最大有效压缩比以达设计最高压缩压力,提高低速柴油机正常出力。