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71.
A driving restriction policy, as one of the control-and-command rationing measures, is a politically acceptable policy tool to address traffic congestion and air pollution in some countries and cities in the world. Beijing is the first city in China to implement this policy. A one-day-a-week driving restriction scheme was expected to take 20% of cars off the road every week day. Using household survey and travel diary data, we analyze the short-term effect of this driving restriction policy on individual travel mode choice. The data also allow us to identify which demographic groups are more likely to break the restriction rule. The estimates reveal that the restriction policy in Beijing does not have significant influence on individuals’ decisions to drive, as compared with the policy’s influence on public transit. The rule-breaking behavior is constant and pervasive. We found that 47.8% of the regulated car owners didn’t follow the restriction rules, and drove “illegally” to their destination places. On average, car owners who traveled during peak hours and/or for work trips, and whose destinations were farther away from the city center or subway stations, were more likely to break the driving restriction rules. Therefore, Beijing is probably in need of more comprehensive and palatable policy instruments (e.g., a combination of congestion tolls, parking fees, fuel taxes, and high-speed transit facilities) to effectively alleviate traffic congestion and air pollution. 相似文献
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73.
渗流作用下利用有限元强度折减法的边坡稳定性分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
应用ADINA程序分析了天然情况下边坡的稳定性,得到了安全系数和滑面的位置,并与ANSYS以及传统条分法GEO-SLOPE程序的计算结果进行了对比;在渗流作用下,基于渗流方程和温度方程的原理,把温度场所对应的温度荷载转化为孔隙水压力荷载施加在稳定性分析的计算模型上,对边坡进行了稳定性分析。结果表明,采用该方法计算得到的安全系数与采用传统极限平衡法计算得到的安全系数相比,两者之间的误差在3%以内,说明利用温度场进行渗流计算,再采用有限元强度折减法来进行边坡的稳定性分析是可行的。 相似文献
74.
电动汽车复合驱动系统 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
电动汽车的复合驱动系统包括内燃机驱动和电力驱动,它综合了这两种驱动方式的优点。介绍了电动汽车的各种复合驱动结构,分析讨论了这些结构的优缺点,阐述了选择串联还是并联复合驱动结构时应考虑了主要问题,并给了一个单轴复合驱动结构的实例。 相似文献
75.
76.
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of economic disincentives on private car use. Eighty two-adult households who were owners of at least one car were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group. Both experimental and control groups logged their car trips during one week before, one week during, and one week after treatment. The treatment consisted of charging two of the experimental groups approximately 100% of normal cost per kilometer of driving during 2 weeks, and charging the third experimental group this amount per kilometer of driving during 4 weeks. With the purpose of investigating whether deliberate planning increases the effect of economic disincentives, the households in one of the former and in the latter group were asked to fill out a prospective car log for the following week. The control group was not charged or requested to fill out a prospective car log but was in other respects treated in the same way. Analyses of the car logs and odometer readings during and at the end of treatment showed a weak reduction of car use due to the economic disincentives that however were almost completely dependent on planning. 相似文献
77.
78.
奔驰轿车的行驶稳定性电子控制系统 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
电子稳定程序(ESP)控制系统是一种在各种行驶条件下能提高车辆行驶稳定性的主动安全体系。ESP控制模块根据输入信号确定在当前行驶条件下,以下6种工作模式中的一些应被接通,即普通模式、ABS控制模式、ASR控制模式、MSR控制模式、ESP控制模式及ESP切断模式。 相似文献
79.
汽车驱动防滑控制系统 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
汽车驱动防滑控制系统是国际上80年代中期开始发展的新型实用汽车安全技术。介绍汽车区动防滑控制系统的发展历程,控制方式,工作原理,典型结构和工作过程,并仿真分析它对改善汽车牵引性,操纵性和稳定性作用。 相似文献
80.
电模拟汽车行驶阻力的汽车底盘测功机 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
论述了在汽车底盘测功机上检测汽车动力性和燃料经济性时,进行电模拟仿真汽车行驶工况阻力的必要性,介绍了一种国内新研制的电模拟汽车行驶阻力的汽车底盘电涡流测功机,并以车速表校验为例,叙述了操作过程和校验结果。 相似文献