架悬机车驱动装置悬挂参数及结构的研究

采用多体动力学软件SIMPACK建立完整的动力学模型,分析架悬式机车驱动装置悬挂的纵向、横向刚度对其振动加速度和机车平稳性能的影响,发现在10 kN.m-1数量级选择纵、横向刚度,可以显著改善机车的横向性能和电动机工作条件,有效降低横向轮轨力,还可以提高机车的稳定性。认为采用摆杆悬挂是实现弹性架悬的重要结构方式。提出了等效刚度的概念,分析表明在相同的等效刚度下,传统架悬模型和弹性架悬模型的计算结果是吻合的。     

驾驶疲劳机理及馈选模式研究

驾驶疲劳表现特征是多维度、多侧面。本文重点研究驾驶疲劳的致因因素及其交互作用;驾驶疲劳的形成过程、规律及机理;驾驶疲劳失衡性测试与评价,驾驶疲劳馈选模式,驾驶疲劳效应分析;驾驶疲劳综合评价体系。主要研究内容如下:1 多角度、深层次地研究驾驶行为,进而分析导致驾驶疲劳的各种直接、间接因素,建立了诸因素单独作用及相互作用的数学模型。2 研究驾驶疲劳形成过程,采用传递函数将其量化、简约化、模式化,依据自控理论将驾驶疲劳模型化为惯性环节及比例微分环节的合成。所建模型表明驾驶疲劳具有二阶系统的一般特性。3 对多种疲劳…     

基于Hyperworks的微型车车桥疲劳寿命分析与研究

驱动桥是汽车上主要部件之一,驱动桥的质量好坏会大大影响到车辆的安全使用。在车辆不断向高速、轻量、低能耗和高性能发展的今天,微型车车桥的安全性日益受到关注。本文以实体单元为基础,通过Proe软件对微型汽车车桥进行建模,利用Hyperworks对模型进行有限元模拟分析。在随机载荷下的对其疲劳寿命予以分析,并对驱动桥的疲劳强度进行了计算,得出了驱动桥的应力和变形分布。通过强度评价和疲劳寿命估算,验证了该车桥设计的合理性,为商用车车桥设计研发提供了参考。     

无水漂卵砾石地层土压平衡盾构施工关键技术

文章以北京地铁九号线丰台东大街站—丰台北路站区间全断面无水漂卵砾石地层盾构掘进工程为背景,基于地质勘查资料和试验探井的分析结果,掌握了该漂卵砾石地层的空间分布规律和力学性质。在合理选用辐条式土压平衡盾构的基础上,通过对盾构机关键部件进行适应性改造,降低了刀盘刀具磨损。施工中通过掘进参数的有效选择,实现了该类型盾构机在全断面卵砾漂石地层中的长距离掘进。     

Intelligent speed adaptation: Preliminary results of on-road study in Penang,Malaysia

The first field experiment with intelligent speed adaptation (ISA) in Malaysia was held in December 2010 in the State of Penang. Eleven private cars were instrumented with an advisory system. The system used in the present study included a vocal warning message and a visual text message that is activated when the driver attempts to exceed the speed limit. When the driver decreases the speed, the warning stops; otherwise it is continuously repeated. The test drivers drove the vehicles for three months with the installed system, and the speed was continuously logged in all vehicles. The warning was however only activated in the second month of the three month period. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of an advisory ISA on driving speed, traffic safety, and drivers' attitude, behavior, and acceptance of the system. To examine these effects, both the survey and the logged speed data were analyzed and explored. The results show a significant reduction in the mean, maximum and 85th percentile speed due to the use of the system. However, there was no long-lasting effect on the speed when the system was deactivated. In the post-trial survey, drivers declared that the system helped them well in following the speed limits and that it assisted them in driving more comfortably. Furthermore, the warning method was more accepted compared to a supportive system, such as active accelerator pedal (AAP). After the trial, most drivers were willing to keep an ISA system.     

Modeling drivers' passing duration and distance in a virtual environment

In many countries two-lane rural highways constitute a large proportion of the road network. One of the most fatal crash types is head-on collisions. Some of these head-on collisions are caused by failed passing maneuvers, when a driver does not succeed to complete the pass safely.     

商用车前撞报警算法研究

汽车前撞报警系统能够有效避免追尾危险,对提高交通安全具有重要意义。针对商用车,提出了危险系数的概念及适应驾驶员特性的基于危险系数Crisk的报警算法,确定了报警启动逻辑,通过真实道路实验获得驾驶员特性实验数据,得到不同类型驾驶员跟车行为特性参数,并且根据驾驶员异常行为的实验数据统计得到报警阈值。通过硬件在环仿真实验和实车试验,统计分析了系统报警的正确率、漏警率和误警率。试验结果表明,提出的前撞报警算法能够有效体现不同类型的驾驶员特性,提高了系统的可接受性。     

车用小排量增压汽油机--传统汽油机动力总成CO2减排的有效方案

降低整车CO2排放是近20年来各大汽车厂商（尤其是欧洲）面临的重要挑战,在采用革新技术的同时,小排量增压汽油机作为传统汽油机动力总成其中也扮演了重要角色。文章着重以德国大众的小排量增压缸内直喷汽油机（TSI技术）为范本,阐述了该项技术在确保优良的整车行驶动力性的同时,实现了整车低燃油消耗;并简述了TSI技术和Ecofuel～CNG的燃料兼容性及降低CO2排放的潜力;越来越多欧洲其它主流轿车品牌也已经开发量产了同类产品,表明该类产品未来若干年仍有增长的市场空间和进一步优化的潜力。     

Eye-Movement Characteristics of Drivers According to Driving Experience-Relevance to Traffic Sign Legibility

An experiment was conducted to find the variability of driver eye movement according to different driving experience.An eye tracking system was used to study the regularity of driver eye movements, such as fixation duration, variations of fixation points, and the distribution of glance zone.It was found that driving experience had a significant effect on driver eye movement behavior.The percentage of fixation duration to total glance time for inexperienced drivers was 61.5%, while the percentage for experienced drivers was 50.2%.Moreover, the majority of drivers paid attention to the left region of the field of view more frequently than the central and the right regions.This study indicates that it takes inexperienced drivers more time to recognize traffic signs.The findings from this study will assist traffic engineers in designing and installing the traffic signs in an optimal way.