北京城市公交客车循环工况开发

详细地论述了城市客车循环工况开发的程序和测试方法,并通过自行设计的测试仪器和数据采集系统,完成了北京城市客车循环工况的测量。详细分析了北京公交客车的实际运行特点,得出了北京城市客车的平均车速、运行时间、停车时间、加减速度以及客流量服从正态分布。同时,分析了变速器挡位分布。基于城市工况的特征,提出了一种多条线路循环工况的合成方法。结果表明,所开发的北京城市循环工况能够反映北京城市公交客车的实际运行状况,具有实用价值。     

基于Prescan的自然驾驶场景构建与研究

文章主要描述基于Prescan软件对实车的自然驾驶场景片段转换成虚拟场景,用于ADAS或自动驾驶模拟测试。通过配备毫米波雷达、相机、Mobileye摄像头等传感器采集道路驾驶数据,提取场景片段,转化成虚拟软件中相应的实车场景,用于HIL或MIL测试,可实现重复性测试,降低测试成本,模拟恶劣天气等状况,复现实车测试状态等测试优点。     

沥青路面的雨天行车安全性分析

针对沥青路面的路表轮胎行车滑水,提出了行车的临界水膜厚度概念,利用动量定理进行了临界水膜厚度计算公式推导,计算了不同行车速度下的路表临界水膜厚度,经与国外的极限车速计算经验公式对比,验证了其可靠性,并以降雨的路表水膜厚度为依据,分析了以临界水膜厚度作为道路结构设计控制指标的行车安全性,提出了增加安全性的工程技术改善措施．     

先进驾驶辅助系统的发展现状和趋势

简要介绍先进驾驶辅助系统的概念和组成架构,详细阐述夜视系统、主动巡航控制系统、电子稳定程序、随动转向前照灯、车道偏离报警、防碰撞技术、盲点辅助技术和泊车辅助技术的组成原理以及目前的应用情况,探讨先进驾驶辅助系统的发展前景。     

道路标志图案识别方法研究

针对道路标志图案自动识别,以转弯道路标志图案为例,通过颜色空间变换,将道路标志图像的RGB量值转换为H(hue,色度)S(saturation,饱和度)I(Intensity,亮度)量值,利用H、I作为分类器的特征值,设计了欧式距离分类器,实现道路标志背景颜色的识别。采用固定阈值法分割道路标志图像的图案区域,并对分割后的区域进行Daubech ies-4正交小波变换,利用小波变换系数的能量值和方差比值作为道路标志图案的纹理特征。最后,设计了BP神经网络道路标志图案分类器,实现道路标志图案的自动识别。实验结果表明,文中提出的方法可行。     

城市机动车污染物排放总量调查

利用先进的GPS技术调查了宁波市不同道路汽车行驶工况,分析了城市机动车排放污染的状况及影响因素,重点讨论了机动车车型和汽车城市道路运行工况对机动车排放污染物的影响。对宁波市主要道路机动车流量进行了连续12h测量,并根据行驶工况和流量调查估算了宁波城市道路污染物排放总量。     

电动摩托车续驶里程试验方法研究

续驶里程试验方法高效、合理,可以用较低的试验成本得到较理想的可信度结果,试验仅需一段1500m的试验道路、几百元一台的GPS测速仪和几只标杆,非常方便电动车企业（特别是还没有装备底盘测功机的企业）自行组织试验,以获得第一手试验数据。     

Effects of crash warning systems on rear-end crash avoidance behavior under fog conditions

Reduced visibility conditions increase both the probability of rear-end crash occurrences and their severity. Crash warning systems that employ data from connected vehicles have potential to improve vehicle safety by assisting drivers to be aware of the imminent situations ahead in advance and then taking timely crash avoidance action(s). This study provides a driving simulator study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Head-up Display warning system and the audio warning system on drivers’ crash avoidance performance when the leading vehicle makes an emergency stop under fog conditions. Drivers’ throttle release time, brake transition time, perception response time, brake reaction time, minimum modified time-to-collision, and maximum brake pedal pressure are assessed for the analysis. According to the results, the crash warning system can help decrease drivers’ reaction time and reduce the probability of rear-end crashes. In addition, the effects of fog level and drivers’ characteristics including gender and age are also investigated in this study. The findings of this study are helpful to car manufacturers in designing rear-end crash warning systems that enhance the effectiveness of the system’s application under fog conditions.     

Naturalistic driving data collection to investigate into the effects of road geometrics on track behaviour

Road designers assume that drivers will follow the road alignment with trajectories centred in the lane, and move at the design speed parallel to the road centreline (i.e., the horizontal alignment). Therefore, they assume that if the horizontal alignment indicates the “designed trajectory”, the driving path indicates the “operating trajectory”. However, at present, they do not have the necessary tools to measure the relationship between the designed alignment and possible vehicle trajectories.The paper has two objectives: (a) to develop an understanding of the root causes of differences between road alignment and vehicle trajectories; and (b) to define and calibrate a model that estimates the local curvature of trajectories on the basis of the designed horizontal alignment.The two objectives were pursued by carrying out a naturalistic survey using vehicles equipped with high precision GPS in real-time kinematics (RTK) mode driven by test drivers on road sections of known geometric characteristics. The results provide an insight into the effects of road geometrics on driver behaviour, thus anticipating possible driving errors or unexpected/undesired behaviours, information which can then be used to correct possible inconsistencies when making decisions at the design stage.     

纯电动环卫车电驱动系统参数匹配研究

纯电动环卫车已成为城市日常生活的重要组成部分,为提高其动力性及作业效率,文章以一种基于平行轴变速箱与行星排集成的多模高效电驱动系统构型的纯电动环卫车为研究对象,首先对系统能够实现的模式进行了分析,其次以纯电动环卫车整车参数和动力性能为指标,分别匹配了驱动电机和作业电机峰值、额定功率、转矩及最高转速等参数,并搭建了整车动力学模型,通过仿真分析及系统台架进行爬坡和加速能力测试,证明系统参数匹配的有效性。