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排序方式： 共有287条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Wider deployment of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) can help with increasing energy security and transitioning to clean vehicles. Ideally, adopters of AFVs are able to maintain the same level of mobility as users of conventional vehicles while reducing energy use and emissions. Greater knowledge of AFV benefits can support consumers’ vehicle purchase and use choices. The Environmental Protection Agency’s fuel economy ratings are a key source of potential benefits of using AFVs. However, the ratings are based on pre-designed and fixed driving cycles applied in laboratory conditions, neglecting the attributes of drivers and vehicle types. While the EPA ratings using pre-designed and fixed driving cycles may be unbiased they are not necessarily precise, owning to large variations in real-life driving. Thus, to better predict fuel economy for individual consumers targeting specific types of vehicles, it is important to find driving cycles that can better represent consumers’ real-world driving practices instead of using pre-designed standard driving cycles. This paper presents a methodology for customizing driving cycles to provide convincing fuel economy predictions that are based on drivers’ characteristics and contemporary real-world driving, along with validation efforts. The methodology takes into account current micro-driving practices in terms of maintaining speed, acceleration, braking, idling, etc., on trips. Specifically, using a large-scale driving data collected by in-vehicle Global Positioning System as part of a travel survey, a micro-trips (building block) library for California drivers is created using 54 million seconds of vehicle trajectories on more than 60,000 trips, made by 3000 drivers. To generate customized driving cycles, a new tool, known as Case Based System for Driving Cycle Design, is developed. These customized cycles can predict fuel economy more precisely for conventional vehicles vis-à-vis AFVs. This is based on a consumer’s similarity in terms of their own and geographical characteristics, with a sample of micro-trips from the case library. The AFV driving cycles, created from real-world driving data, show significant differences from conventional driving cycles currently in use. This further highlights the need to enhance current fuel economy estimations by using customized driving cycles, helping consumers make more informed vehicle purchase and use decisions. 相似文献
52.
汽车驱动防滑控制系统 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
汽车驱动防滑控制系统是国际上８０年代中期开始发展的新型实用汽车安全技术。介绍汽车区动防滑控制系统的发展历程,控制方式,工作原理,典型结构和工作过程,并仿真分析它对改善汽车牵引性,操纵性和稳定性作用。 相似文献
53.
电模拟汽车行驶阻力的汽车底盘测功机 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
论述了在汽车底盘测功机上检测汽车动力性和燃料经济性时,进行电模拟仿真汽车行驶工况阻力的必要性,介绍了一种国内新研制的电模拟汽车行驶阻力的汽车底盘电涡流测功机,并以车速表校验为例,叙述了操作过程和校验结果。 相似文献
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This paper analyses transport energy consumption of conventional and electric vehicles in mountainous roads. A standard round trip in Andorra has been modelled in order to characterise vehicle dynamics in hilly regions. Two conventional diesel vehicles and their electric-equivalent models have been simulated and their performances have been compared. Six scenarios have been simulated to study the effects of factors such as orography, traffic congestion and driving style. The European fuel consumption and emissions test and Artemis urban driving cycles, representative of European driving cycles, have also been included in the comparative analysis. The results show that road grade has a major impact on fuel economy, although it affects consumption in different levels depending on the technology analysed. Electric vehicles are less affected by this factor as opposed to conventional vehicles, increasing the potential energy savings in a hypothetical electrification of the car fleet. However, electric vehicle range in mountainous terrains is lower compared to that estimated by manufacturers, a fact that could adversely affect a massive adoption of electric cars in the short term. 相似文献
56.
A driving restriction policy, as one of the control-and-command rationing measures, is a politically acceptable policy tool to address traffic congestion and air pollution in some countries and cities in the world. Beijing is the first city in China to implement this policy. A one-day-a-week driving restriction scheme was expected to take 20% of cars off the road every week day. Using household survey and travel diary data, we analyze the short-term effect of this driving restriction policy on individual travel mode choice. The data also allow us to identify which demographic groups are more likely to break the restriction rule. The estimates reveal that the restriction policy in Beijing does not have significant influence on individuals’ decisions to drive, as compared with the policy’s influence on public transit. The rule-breaking behavior is constant and pervasive. We found that 47.8% of the regulated car owners didn’t follow the restriction rules, and drove “illegally” to their destination places. On average, car owners who traveled during peak hours and/or for work trips, and whose destinations were farther away from the city center or subway stations, were more likely to break the driving restriction rules. Therefore, Beijing is probably in need of more comprehensive and palatable policy instruments (e.g., a combination of congestion tolls, parking fees, fuel taxes, and high-speed transit facilities) to effectively alleviate traffic congestion and air pollution. 相似文献
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58.
纯电动汽车的续航能力与电驱系统的能耗水平有直接关系,开展整车能量流分析是提升纯电动技术发展的必要手段。文章提出依据整车道路载荷系数推导出电驱系统的百公里理论能耗,并测试对比不同车型在常温、高温、低温环境中国乘用车工况（CLTC-P）下的能耗表现,再根据理论与实际的偏差值,实现对整车电驱系统的能耗水平预测;同时分析了各车型在不同测试工况下的续航表现、真实电量与表显电量、表显剩余续航里程与表显电量（SOC）的对应关系,为整车显示控制策略的优化与开发提供参考。 相似文献
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60.
车用小排量增压汽油机--传统汽油机动力总成CO2减排的有效方案 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
降低整车CO2排放是近20年来各大汽车厂商（尤其是欧洲）面临的重要挑战,在采用革新技术的同时,小排量增压汽油机作为传统汽油机动力总成其中也扮演了重要角色。文章着重以德国大众的小排量增压缸内直喷汽油机（TSI技术）为范本,阐述了该项技术在确保优良的整车行驶动力性的同时,实现了整车低燃油消耗;并简述了TSI技术和Ecofuel～CNG的燃料兼容性及降低CO2排放的潜力;越来越多欧洲其它主流轿车品牌也已经开发量产了同类产品,表明该类产品未来若干年仍有增长的市场空间和进一步优化的潜力。 相似文献