米勒循环结合可变涡轮增压优化柴油机性能的仿真与试验研究

在开发一款机车柴油机过程中,利用AVL BOOST软件对柴油机工作过程进行了仿真计算,计算了不同米勒强度和不同喷油正时条件下柴油机的性能参数。根据计算结果,排除了弱米勒的方案。针对强米勒和中米勒,开展了试验研究,通过调整喷油定时、增压压力设定、共轨喷射压力,进行了多方案试验研究,试验结果表明,强米勒方案虽然可以有效降低Nox排放,但是带来PM排放升高和涡轮前排气温度升高的问题,中米勒虽然降低Nox排放的效果弱于强米勒,但是能获得比较满意的PM排放,且涡轮前排气温度远低于强米勒,综合各方面性能参数的比较结果,在满足排放要求的前提下,中米勒为优选方案。     

双排钢板桩围堰结构加固优化分析研究

双排钢板桩围堰是上海地区水利工程中普遍使用的围堰形式,通过比较钢板桩典型支护结构的有限元数值计算结果和理论计算结果,验证了有限元模型参数的准确性,并针对围堰两侧堆载、被动区土体加固、拉杆布置等加固措施对围堰受力及变形的影响进行了深入研究,结果发现临土侧设置堆载、被动区土体横向加固及适当降低拉杆位置可以获得有效且经济的围堰内力及变形控制效果。     

大跨悬浇钢筋混凝土拱桥施工扣索力优化计算分析

为有效控制钢筋混凝土拱圈在悬臂浇筑过程中出现过大的拉应力,文中以某大跨悬浇钢筋混凝土拱桥为依托,提出一种扣索力优化计算方法。首先,基于“未知荷载系数法”获取拱圈最大悬臂状态扣索力初值;然后,开展正装分析并提取施工过程的索力、应力以及位移影响矩阵,基于优化原理并利用MATLAB软件对扣索力开展进一步优化。最后,分别基于影响线原理和无应力状态法原理确定拱圈合龙前扣索力最优拆除顺序和扣索补张拉值,确保拱圈受力合理、松索成拱后拱圈线形光滑圆顺。算例结果表明,扣索初拉力值较为均匀,所有索力值安全系数均大于2.5;拱圈松索成拱线形合理,未出现“马鞍形”;拱圈施工过程中截面拉应力均小于1.8 MPa,满足设计要求。     

Exploring the issue of integrating logistics and traffic control in urban areas

This paper proposes an optimization framework for urban transportation networks’ (re-)design which explicitly takes into account the specific decision-making processes of ordinary users and logistic operators. Ordinary users are typically commuters whose travels consist of well-defined pairs of origin and destination points, while logistic operators make deliveries at multiple locations. Obviously, these two user classes have different objectives and scopes of action. These differences are seldom considered in traffic research since most models aggregate the flow demand in OD matrices and use assignment models to predict the response of all users as if the dynamics of their optimization processes were of the same nature. This work demonstrates that better results can be achieved if the particular features of each user class are included in the models. It potentially improves the estimation of the responses and allows managers to shape their control measures to address specific user needs.     

新型组合结构高墩的静力学分析方法

特大跨桥梁的塔柱以及超高桥梁的墩柱通常采用薄壁截面形式,以克服自重过大的问题。当薄壁墩柱遭遇强地震作用时,通过墩柱产生塑性铰来耗散地震能量,保护整体结构的安全性。但薄壁墩柱存在耗能能力有限、修复困难的缺陷,为便于概念设计,通过对该结构体系进行力学简化,使用连续连杆法对受力特征进行分析,建立了相应的力法方程并对其理论求解方法进行推导;根据位移等效原则,求解出顶部受集中力的悬臂墩等效惯性矩,便于计算顶部位移;提出了比例参数的概念,用于结构构件进行参数优化,可方便、有效地实现结构的力学性能设计;为验证连续连杆法、等效惯性矩计算方法的可靠性,进行了有限元数值分析。研究结果表明：解析解与试验结果及有限元分析结果吻合较好;提出的新型自耗能高墩兼具较大的耗能能力和可恢复性的优势;采用连续连杆法分析新型自耗能高墩结构体系的内力和位移是可行的。所得结果对新型自耗能高墩结构体系的设计具有指导性,利用等效惯性矩求解结构的顶点位移可以很好地满足设计精度要求。     

中心城区路网优化策略研究 ——以沧州市为例

为解决中心城区道路拥堵问题,分析了城区交通拥堵形成的主要原因,并基于此提出中心城区路网优化策略。以沧州市中心城区为例,详细阐述了其路网优化设计的基本思路和路网布局,最终得出沧州市中心城区路网优化设计方案。     

Second best toll and capacity optimisation in networks: solution algorithm and policy implications

This paper looks at the first and second best jointly optimal toll and road capacity investment problems from both policy and technical oriented perspectives. On the technical side, the paper investigates the applicability of the constraint cutting algorithm for solving the second best problem under elastic demand which is formulated as a bilevel programming problem. The approach is shown to perform well despite several problems encountered by our previous work in Shepherd and Sumalee (Netw. Spat. Econ., 4(2): 161–179, 2004). The paper then applies the algorithm to a small sized network to investigate the policy implications of the first and second best cases. This policy analysis demonstrates that the joint first best structure is to invest in the most direct routes while reducing capacities elsewhere. Whilst unrealistic this acts as a useful benchmark. The results also show that certain second best policies can achieve a high proportion of the first best benefits while in general generating a revenue surplus. We also show that unless costs of capacity are known to be low then second best tolls will be affected and so should be analysed in conjunction with investments in the network.

Multi‐objective highway alignment optimization using a genetic algorithm

The available highway alignment optimization algorithms use the total cost as the objective function. This is a single objective optimization process. In this process, travel‐time, vehicle operation accident earthwork land acquisition and pavement construction costs are the basic components of the total cost. This single objective highway alignment optimization process has limited capability in handling the cost components separately. Moreover, this process cannot yield a set of alternative solutions from a single run. This paper presents a multi‐objective approach to overcome these shortcomings. Some of the cost components of highway alignments are conflicting in nature. Minimizing some of them will yield a straighter alignment; whereas, minimizing others would make the alignment circuitous. Therefore, the goal of the multiobjective optimization approach is to handle the trade‐off amongst the highway alignment design objectives and present a set of near optimal solutions. The highway alignment objectives, i.e., cost functions, are not continuous in nature. Hence, a special genetic algorithm based multi‐objective optimization algorithm is suggested The proposed methodology is demonstrated via a case study at the end.     

基于桥梁挠度长期监测值的动态预测

文章针对重庆高家花园嘉陵江大桥实时健康监测系统的挠度长期监测数据,根据监测信息的时间序列呈季节、循环等非平稳状态特点,介绍采用ARMA时间序列预测模型,对挠度监测数据中所包含的外荷载的变化趋势及结构抗力的衰变信息进行动态预测,同时建立了结构外效应的预测函数。结果表明,采用低阶模型能对挠度监测值进行较好的动态预测。     

基于Bayes判别分析方法的叙岭关隧道溶洞水源识别

基于Bayes判别方法,选取水化学常量组分作为判别指标,利用叙岭关隧道地区9个动态监测点的53个水样样本建立了该地区的水源判别模型.模型检验结果表明,其回判准确率为96.23％,具有较高的识别精度和工程推广能力.利用建立的判别模型,对叙岭关隧道1号溶洞内两个出水点RQ1和RQ2的水源进行了识别,并结合其流量动态变化特征、同位素分析结果,以及1号溶洞发育位置,推断1号溶洞内两个出水点的水源为P1m+q含水层中的岩溶地下水.根据判别结果,建议1号溶洞采取“以排为主”的原则加以处治,并尽量保留溶洞水的过水通道.