Ship appearance optimal design on RCS reduction using response surface method and genetic algorithms

Radar cross section (RCS) reduction technologies are very important in survivability of the militarynaval vessels. Ship appearance shaping as an effective countermeasure of RCS reduction redirects the scatteredenergy from one angular region of interest in space to another region of little interest. To decrease the scatteringelectromagnetic signals from ship scientifically, optimization methods should be introduced in shaping design.Based on the assumption of the characteristic section design method, mathematical formulations for optimalshaping design were established. Because of the computation-intensive analysis and singularity in shapingoptimization, the response surface method (RSM) combined genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. The poly-nomial response surface method was adopted in model approximation. Then genetic algorithms were employedto solve the surrogate optimization problem. By comparison RCS of the conventional and the optimal design,the superiority and effectiveness of proposed design methodology were verified.Ky words: radar cross section (RCS); characteristic section design method; response surface method; genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. The polynomial response surface method was adopted in model approximation. Then genetic algorithms were employed to solve the surrogate optimization problem. By comparison RCS of the conventional and the optimal design, the superiority and effectiveness of proposed design methodology were verified.     

PS30水翼客船推进轴系校中若干动态因素的考虑

根据在PS30水翼船上采用理论分析及定量计算方法进行推进轴系校中时首次尝试考虑各动态因素的情况，介绍了其推进轴系的交形特点、校中的原则、变形量的计算与处理、预报的轴系校中预偏置量和实际安装值，以及在实船试航与营运中取得的令人满意的结果。     

筑路机械设备动态折旧法

详细分析了现行机械设备折旧制度的诸多弊端，提出了设备动态折旧的设想，并逐一介绍了产值折旧法、递减折旧法、现值利息法、差价补偿法、台班折旧法、按机种折旧法、机械净值评估法、进口设备折旧法等动态折旧的办法．     

电力牵引工频高压电磁场对人体视—运动反应时的影响

通过对我国电力牵引达２２年区段的２７．５ｋＶ工频电场强度为１．７５－３．４６ｋＶ／ｍ，磁感应强度为０．６０－１．７５ｍＴ，人体感应电流为１０．０８－５８．４０μＡ环境下作业的１３５９名工人和无电磁场接触史的３７５名工人的视－运动反应时值进行的测验和分析。结果表明两组无明显差异。引起视－运动反应时值的延长。结果表明两组无明显差异，引起视－运动反应时值的延长，机体协调功能减退的主要原因是年龄因素的增长     

多层隔振系统多向冲击响应计算

本文研究了由多刚体组成的多层隔振系统，获得了多刚体振动系统在总体坐标系描述下的力学模型，找到了微分方程运动变量与系统广义坐标向量之间的一个重要变换公式（LG变换），指出了在总体坐标系下多刚体振动系统振型的物理意义，导出了该系统振动分析的有关计算公式，并且首次在基础多向冲击激励输入情况下，求得了系统的冲击响应，最后给出一计算实例。     

Application of analytical model in the prediction of dynamic responses and fatigue damage of flexible risers: Part II – Dynamic analysis of flexible risers in large-scale domain using a direct moment correction method

In recent years, the dynamic responses of flexible risers have been the focus of many researchers. Most flexible risers undergo a substantial level of irregular motion from environmental loadings, which involves a continuous slip of helical wires. The slip of helical wires especially leads to a hysteretic effect by reducing the bending stiffness, making it hard to predict the dynamic responses of flexible risers. The current study, as an extension to Part I, presents a new large-scale dynamic analysis method for flexible risers. The suggested method creates a large-scale model for the dynamic analysis that considers a geometric and bending nonlinearity of flexible risers. The kinematics of each beam element is formulated based on a Green-Lagrangian strain and the interaction with the seabed, providing a realistic analysis of flexible risers. In particular, the current study introduces a direct moment correction method that modifies the internal force vector using an improved analytical model. The improved analytical model is assigned at each node of the large-scale model and estimates an accurate bending hysteresis curve considering the effect of shear deformation and varying tension. The suggested method corrects the bending moment and shear force of all beam elements based on the bending hysteresis curves obtained from the improved analytical model, by which a complex bending behavior of flexible risers is reflected in a large-scale domain. As a result, this study achieves a more accurate prediction of the dynamic responses and fatigue damage of flexible risers. A new dynamic analysis program, called OPFLEX, is developed herein based on the suggested analysis method. Using the developed program, the current study conducts several numerical investigations to identify the effect of the shear deformation and varying tension. Consequently, it is confirmed that the shear deformation of internal layers reduces the fatigue damage of helical wires by delaying the increase of internal stress. It is also identified that the effect of varying tension deteriorates the fatigue life of flexible risers through a continuous change of contact pressure during bending.     

铁路隧道基底脱空条件下的动力响应分析

列车荷载作用是诱发在役隧道基底病害的主要原因。为分析隧道基底脱空条件下对列车荷载的响应问题,以某铁路隧道工程Ⅲ级围岩正常断面为对象,通过现场在隧道铺底顶面埋设压力盒,对铺底混凝土层受力进行测试;在此基础上,通过数值计算,重点分析列车荷载作用下基底不同脱空长度下的基底中心线、轨道处与轨枕端头处的应力分布规律及铺底顶面振动特性。结果表明:在铺底顶面,动压力在轨道、轨枕端头处与基底中心线处分别为80,20 k Pa和60 kPa。经计算模拟,基底存在40 cm与80 cm宽脱空区时,在轨枕端头处、轨道处及中心线处应力规律基本一致,在脱空区处应力出现先减小再增加现象,且轨道处突变最大,脱空区侧壁处存在应力集中现象,脱空区影响深度范围约2 m。80 cm宽脱空区在数值上与40 cm宽脱空区相比,基底动应力、铺底顶面加速度与振动位移的最大增幅分别为50%、30%和3%。     

列车作用下东巨寺沟铁路隧道围岩动力反应分析

东巨寺沟铁路隧道选取试验段中实施湿喷工艺喷射聚丙烯纤维混凝土,作为支护结构,并作永久性支护结构,免除二次衬砌;为研究该隧道在列车作用下的动力响应,从土－结构相互作用模型出发,采用粘－弹性人工边界条件,建立隧道支护结构－围岩相互作用的动力分析模型,采用时程积分法研究了列车荷载对铁路隧道围岩和支护结构的动力作用,分析了列车荷载作用下由于轨道不平顺引起的动力响应,并对该隧道围岩的稳定性进行了分析。分析结果表明:在列车动力作用下,隧道围岩和支护结构变形微小,处于稳定状态。