提高海上突发事件应对能力的若干思考

本文通过分析海上突发事件特点以及应对处置中存在的突出问题，结合当前国内、国际的一些做法，提出提高我国海上突发事件应对能力的一些设想和对策，以保障海上生命财产安全，保护海洋环境的清洁，促进社会经济的发展。     

沥青路面施工质量动态管理系统研究

根据津汕高速河北段沥青路面施工过程中的动态质量管理,简要介绍了如何具体研发沥青路面施工质量动态管理系统的方法和效果.     

箱式浮体在波浪中的运动分析

为研究浮体在波浪中的运动，工程中采用基于刚体运动学的理论，应用牛顿第二定律建立了箱体在六个自由度的耦合运动方程。采用修正的切片法计算了箱体在规则波中运动的附加质量、附加阻尼和静水恢复力，并以纵摇和垂荡两个运动模态为例，在频域和时域内计算了浮体在规则波中两个运动模态的波浪载荷和运动响应，并对运动响应特性进行了分析。     

基于数值模拟的木拱廊桥洪水响应分析

近年来,木拱廊桥抗洪防灾方面的研究多基于水毁案例的经验总结来提出宏观维护策略,缺乏对于洪水荷载与廊桥结构受力的量化分析。因此,提出了基于计算流体动力学(CFD)与有限元方法的木拱廊桥抗洪安全性能分析方法,研究不同洪水频率下的荷载分布规律,并对桥体拱架的洪水响应及结构安全进行量化评估,为木拱廊桥预防洪水和安全监控提供参考依据。结果表明:受洪水荷载的作用,杆件上的水平力沿水深方向呈线性分布,竖向力呈均匀分布;主拱结构产生形变,迎水面向河内挤压,背水面向两岸拉伸,上部结构朝水流方向倾斜;主拱上背水面的端平苗受拉力作用,易脱开节点导致桥面塌落,基础的摩擦系数和土体抗剪性能决定了支座的稳定,是影响廊桥整体结构抗洪安全性能的关键因素。     

Imperfect reversibility of air transport demand: Effects of air fare,fuel prices and price transmission

There are recent evidence that air transport demand may not have a perfectly reversible relationship with income and jet fuel prices, as is assumed in most demand models. However, it is not known if the imperfectly reversible effects of jet fuel price are a result of asymmetries in the supply side, i.e., asymmetries in cost pass through from fuel prices to air fare, or of demand side behavioral asymmetries whereby people value gains and losses differently. This paper uses US time series data and decomposes air fare and fuel price into three component series to develop an econometric model of air transport demand that is capable of capturing the potential imperfectly reversible relationships and test for the presence or absence of reversibility. We find that air transport demand shows asymmetry with respect to air fare, indicating potential imperfect reversibility in consumer behavior. We also find evidence of asymmetry and hysteresis in cost pass-through from jet fuel prices to air fare, showing rapid increases in airfare when fuel prices increases but a slower response in the opposite direction.     

Parking space management via dynamic performance-based pricing

In congested urban areas, it remains a pressing challenge to reduce unnecessary vehicle circling for parking while at the same time maximize parking space utilization. In observance of new information technologies that have become readily accessible to drivers and parking agencies, we develop a dynamic non-cooperative bi-level model (i.e. Stackelberg leader–follower game) to set parking prices in real-time for effective parking access and space utilization. The model is expected to fit into an integrated parking pricing and management system, where parking reservations and transactions are facilitated by sensing and informatics infrastructures, that ensures the availability of convenient spaces at equilibrium market prices. It is shown with numerical examples that the proposed dynamic parking pricing model has the potential to virtually eliminate vehicle circling for parking, which results in significant reduction in adverse socioeconomic externalities such as traffic congestion and emissions.     

填石路堤强夯加固施工参数及路基动应力响应规律研究

贵州西部山区的高速公路常采用高填石路堤,强夯法是控制高填石路堤填筑质量的有效方法之一。为确定填石路堤的强夯加固施工技术参数、探讨强夯冲击能量作用下填石路堤内部动应力响应规律,通过现场试验和FLAC3D数值模拟进行研究。采用动土压力盒、位移观测元件,测试强夯冲击能量作用下的动应力以及夯坑沉降量、夯锤周边地表变形等数据,并将现场测试结果与数值模拟结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:在夯击能量3 000 kN·m下,强夯加固单点夯击次数为12击、夯点间距为4.5 m;强夯作用下填石路堤内部动应力峰值随深度呈指数形式衰减,并且根据动应力峰值的随深度衰减曲线,获得了夯击能量3 000 kN·m下填石路堤强夯有效加固深度为5.0 m。研究结果可为类似工程确定强夯加固施工参数及有效加固深度提供指导。     

Experimental research on dynamic responses characteristics and influence laws of gear transmission-propulsion system under gear excitation北大核心CSCD

［Objective］In order to study the dynamic response characteristics and influence laws of a marine gear transmission-propulsion system, a series of bench tests is carried out.［Methods］First, a biaxial gear transmission-propulsion system test bench including a cross connection gear is built. Experiments to test the acceleration response of the gearbox body and propulsion shaft system are then carried out, and the influence of speed, driving mode, axial static thrust, axial dynamic excitation force from the propeller and other factors on the dynamic response characteristics of the system are compared and analyzed. ［Results］The experimental results show that the transmission law of the vibration acceleration response of the gear transmission-propulsion system is mainly at the meshing frequency and its multipliers, as well as peaks in the low frequency band of 30–80 Hz under certain working conditions. ［Conclusion］This study can provide technical support for the vibration and noise reduction design of gear transmission-propulsion systems. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

An enhanced SPSA algorithm for the calibration of Dynamic Traffic Assignment models

Simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) is an efficient and well established optimization method that approximates gradients from successive objective function evaluations. It is especially attractive for high-dimensional problems and has been successfully applied to the calibration of Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) models. This paper presents an enhanced SPSA algorithm, called Weighted SPSA (W-SPSA), which incorporates the information of spatial and temporal correlation in a traffic network to limit the impact of noise and improve convergence and robustness. W-SPSA appears to outperform the original SPSA algorithm by reducing the noise generated by uncorrelated measurements in the gradient approximation, especially for DTA models of sparsely correlated large-scale networks and a large number of time intervals. Comparisons between SPSA and W-SPSA have been performed through rigorous synthetic tests and the application of W-SPSA for the calibration of real world DTA networks is demonstrated with a case study of the entire expressway network in Singapore.