城市交通系统通行性影响因素及计算理论

文章分析了震后城市交通系统通行性的影响因素,提出了包含路段单元通行概率、路段连通概率及路网连通概率的城市交通系统通行性计算理论,为城市路网的连通可靠性评价提供参考。     

三岸邕江特大桥悬臂拼装钢桁拱施工监控方法

文章结合三岸邕江特大桥工程实例,对比分析了悬臂拼装钢桁拱的施工监控特点,阐述了悬臂拼装钢桁拱施工监控的主要内容及组织实施流程。     

冲孔灌注桩施工质量控制要点

冲孔灌注桩因其适应性强、成本适中、施工简便等优点,广泛应用于公路桥梁工程建设中。文章详细介绍了冲孔灌注桩成孔、成桩施工各环节的质量控制要点,为类似桩基施工提供技术参考。     

驾驶人安全意识体验式训练装置研究

通过对目前常用驾驶人安全意识培训方法的对比,认为体验式培训为最适合的培训方法;进一步对我国2007-2010年间大型道路交通事故特征进行分析,得出驾乘人员不系安全带是引起人员伤亡一大原因。通过设计研发碰撞、翻转两个体验式训练装置,使驾乘人员在保证安全的前提下真切感受道路交通事故发生瞬间安全带对人体的保护作用,有效提高驾驶人的安全意识,减少道路交通事故的发生及人员的伤亡。     

U型管式换热器的质量控制

U型管式换热器属于列管换热器的一种,被广泛应用在循环水冷却高温气体装置中。根据U型管式换热器的结构特点和技术原理,针对设备在使用过程中可能出现的问题,在整个材料采购和制造过程中,对换热器中管板制造加工、U型管成形及换热管与管板的焊接等制造的关键和难点予以质量控制,保证产品质量,使设备按设计要求制造完毕后安全有效地运行。     

低温储罐失效分析及预防措施

文中对低温设备温差应力循环所产生的疲劳失效事故进行了分析,目的是防止低温储罐在使用中出现疲劳破坏。文中通过对失效低温设备断口形貌特征的勘察,采用断口分析、焊接缺陷分析、温差应力循环与疲劳载荷分析的方法,得出了低温液体储罐设备在使用中易出现疲劳失效模式的结论。同时,从设计结构、施焊控制、安全泄放装置维护等方面,对低温液体储罐疲劳失效提出了预防措施。     

浅埋小间距矩形顶管掘进姿态控制技术探讨

为解决采用结构分割转换工法（CC工法）建造的某地下停车场小间距隧道群矩形顶管施工中顶管机出现栽头及掘进姿态控制困难的问题,结合项目施工过程的姿态监控数据,对产生栽头及姿态偏差的原因进行理论分析,提出相应的控制技术,并采取现场试验的方法进行效果验证。结果表明： 1）顶管机栽头现象的原因主要有顶管机体重心偏差、漏浆、姿态预留不够、后靠不稳; 2）通过设备和管节定位处理、洞门密封处理、增加始发姿态预留量、后靠稳定性控制等措施可有效防止顶管机栽头; 3）始发阶段采取洞门预留、破除等控制措施,掘进阶段控制掘进速度并辅以“E”型导向槽进行轴线控制等措施,可有效控制顶管机顶进姿态; 4）通过采取调整铰接油缸行程差、主推油缸行程差及姿态偏差方向的土压等姿态纠偏技术措施,取得了良好的施工效果。     

地下交通转换平台射流通风特性及风流组织方式研究

为探究地下交通转换平台内通风系统的合理布局,采用比尺模型试验和CFD模拟相结合的方法,研究射流风机和通风组织对地下交通转换平台内气流运动的影响。结果表明： 1）当联络通道内风机射流朝向敞开段时,为使风机升压系数Kj最大,630 mm、900 mm、1 120 mm射流风机的布设位置应距离敞开段分别大于40、50、65 m; 2）大口径射流风机具有更大的Kj,但占用的断面空间更大,且射流诱导段更长,应根据联络通道长度和高度合理选择射流风机口径; 3）地下交通转换平台的通风组织不宜采用同侧开启方式,采用对角抽吸方式时,联络通道内的污染物混入比最低、通风效率最高。     

Spatiotemporal traffic forecasting: review and proposed directions

This paper systematically reviews studies that forecast short-term traffic conditions using spatial dependence between links. We extract and synthesise 130 research papers, considering two perspectives: (1) methodological framework and (2) methods for capturing spatial information. Spatial information boosts the accuracy of prediction, particularly in congested traffic regimes and for longer horizons. Machine learning methods, which have attracted more attention in recent years, outperform the naïve statistical methods such as historical average and exponential smoothing. However, there is no guarantee of superiority when machine learning methods are compared with advanced statistical methods such as spatiotemporal autoregressive integrated moving average. As for the spatial dependency detection, a large gulf exists between the realistic spatial dependence of traffic links on a real network and the studied networks as follows: (1) studies capture spatial dependency of either adjacent or distant upstream and downstream links with the study link, (2) the spatially relevant links are selected either by prejudgment or by correlation-coefficient analysis, and (3) studies develop forecasting methods in a corridor test sample, where all links are connected sequentially together, assume a similarity between the behaviour of both parallel and adjacent links, and overlook the competitive nature of traffic links.     

In search of surrogate safety indicators for vulnerable road users: a review of surrogate safety indicators

Surrogate indicators are meant to be alternatives or complements of safety analyses based on accident records. These indicators are used to study critical traffic events that occur more frequently, making such incidents easier to analyse. This article provides an overview of existing surrogate indicators and specifically focuses on their merit for the analyses of vulnerable road users and the extent to which they have been validated by previous research. Each indicator is evaluated based on its ability to consider the collision risk, which can be further divided into the initial conditions of an event, the magnitude of any evasive action and the injury risk in any traffic event. The results show that various indicators and their combinations can reflect different aspects of any traffic event. However, no existing indicator seems to capture all aspects. Various studies have also focused on the validity of different indicators. However, due to the use of diverse approaches to validation, the large difference in how many locations were investigated and variations in the duration of observation at each location, it is difficult to compare and discuss the validity of the different surrogate safety indicators. Since no current indicator can properly reflect all the important aspects underlined in this article, the authors suggest that the choice of a suitable indicator in future surrogate safety studies should be made with considerations of the context-dependent suitability of the respective indicator.