Design of tyre force excitation for tyre–road friction estimation

Knowledge of the current tyre–road friction coefficient is essential for future autonomous vehicles. The environmental conditions, and the tyre–road friction in particular, determine both the braking distance and the maximum cornering velocity and thus set the boundaries for the vehicle. Tyre–road friction is difficult to estimate during normal driving due to low levels of tyre force excitation. This problem can be solved by using active tyre force excitation. A torque is added to one or several wheels in the purpose of estimating the tyre–road friction coefficient. Active tyre force excitation provides the opportunity to design the tyre force excitation freely. This study investigates how the tyre force should be applied to minimise the error of the tyre–road friction estimate. The performance of different excitation strategies was found to be dependent on both tyre model choice and noise level. Furthermore, the advantage with using tyre models with more parameters decreased when noise was added to the force and slip ratio.     

State estimation in roll dynamics for commercial vehicles

Accurate lateral load transfer estimation plays an important role in improving the performance of the active rollover prevention system equipped in commercial vehicles. This estimation depends on the accurate prediction of roll angles for both the sprung and the unsprung subsystems. This paper proposes a novel computational method for roll-angle estimation in commercial vehicles employing sensors which are already used in a vehicle dynamic control system without additional expensive measurement units. The estimation strategy integrates two blocks. The first block contains a sliding-mode observer which is responsible for calculating the lateral tyre forces, while in the second block, the Kalman filter estimates the roll angles of the sprung mass and those of axles in the truck. The validation is conducted through MATLAB/TruckSim co-simulation. Based on the comparison between the estimated results and the simulation results from TruckSim, it can be concluded that the proposed estimation method has a promising tracking performance with low computational cost and high convergence speed. This approach enables a low-cost solution for the rollover prevention in commercial vehicles.     

Suspension system state estimation using adaptive Kalman filtering based on road classification

This paper provides a new method to solve the problem of suspension system state estimation using a Kalman Filter (KF) under various road conditions. Due to the fact that practical road conditions are complex and uncertain, the influence of the system process noise variance and measurement noise covariance on the estimation accuracy of the KF is first analysed. To accurately estimate the road condition, a new road classification method through the vertical acceleration of sprung mass is proposed, and different road process variances are obtained to tune the system’s variance for the application of the KF. Then, road classification and KF are combined to form an Adaptive Kalman Filter (AKF) that takes into account the relationship of different road process noise variances and measurement noise covariances under various road conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed AKF algorithm can obtain a high accuracy of state estimation for a suspension system under varying International Standards Organisation road excitation levels.     

基于遗传支持向量机的综合管廊土建工程造价估算方法研究

综合管廊工程造价估算具有影响因素多、小样本及非线性的特点,传统的造价估算方法对于这类问题无法得到准确结果。针对这一问题,提出一种基于遗传支持向量机的综合管廊造价估算模型。分析综合管廊工程的具体特征,运用支持向量机建立工程造价与影响因子之间的非线性映射关系,利用遗传算法对支持向量机进行参数优化并对综合管廊的工程造价进行估算。以16条已建综合管廊工程作为数据库样本,对该模型进行分析验证。样本测试结果显示,利用该模型可将估算误差控制在10%以内,验证了模型估算的可行性。     

Vehicle response-based track geometry assessment using multi-body simulation

The assessment of the geometry of railway tracks is an indispensable requirement for safe rail traffic. Defects which represent a risk for the safety of the train have to be identified and the necessary measures taken. According to current standards, amplitude thresholds are applied to the track geometry parameters measured by recording cars. This geometry-based assessment has proved its value but suffers from the low correlation between the geometry parameters and the vehicle reactions. Experience shows that some defects leading to critical vehicle reactions are underestimated by this approach. The use of vehicle responses in the track geometry assessment process allows identifying critical defects and improving the maintenance operations. This work presents a vehicle response-based assessment method using multi-body simulation. The choice of the relevant operation conditions and the estimation of the simulation uncertainty are outlined. The defects are identified from exceedances of track geometry and vehicle response parameters. They are then classified using clustering methods and the correlation with vehicle response is analysed. The use of vehicle responses allows the detection of critical defects which are not identified from geometry parameters.     

驾驶员稳态预瞄动态校正假说

针对汽车运动学和动力学自身的特点及驾驶员对其的理解和认识，基于预瞄跟随理论和预测控制理论，在驾驶员行为建模中作出了汽车运动学和动力学特性的分隔处理，提出了驾驶员稳态预瞄动态校正假说，并结合仿真计算和驾驶模拟器实验论证了假说的合理性和有效性。     

车辆动力传动系固有特性灵敏度分析及动力学修改

分析了车辆动力传动系无阻尼自由振动固有特性的灵敏度，特别给出了固有频率和振型对轴系刚度及惯量等物理参数的灵敏度。基于固有特性灵敏度分析，给出了动力学修改的计算方法。并以某重型车辆动力传动系为实例计算并分析了其固有频率和振型的灵敏度问题，在此基础上进行了动力学修改。     

车用发动机动态排放测试系统及其应用

介绍了某汽车开发中心发动机动态排放测试系统的系统构成、系统集成方法及部分试验结果。提出了发动机动态排放测试系统的具体构成，比较分析了发动机／测功器控制子系统的各种类型。由此，得出动态排放测试系统的设备选型及实施方案，并通过图形给出系统安装调试完成后的试验结果。     

高精度车辆动态导航技术现状和展望

车辆定位与导航系统是ITS中的重要组成部分。汽车导航系统主要是信息技术、数据通信技术和自动控制技术等通用电子技术向汽车电子领域的移植。如何在现有的基本硬件配置下进一步提高车辆定位精度，实现精确实时的导航服务是需要迫切解决的问题。从实现车辆动态导航的各关键环节出发，介绍了提高精度和实时性的最新有效方法，为更好地实现车辆定位与导航系统在ITS中的作用提供了新的思路。