柏家沟中桥加宽改造工程

介绍柏家沟中桥原状及有关情况,分析病害缘由,提出改造方案,通过经济比较,确定加宽改造,改善了车辆荷载的通行能力。     

EGFR、Ku70、NF-κB及Bcl-2在Graves病中的表达及意义

目的研究Graves病患者细针穿刺组织中EGFR、Ku70、NF-κB和Bcl-2基因的表达水平,探讨其在Graves病发生发展中的作用。方法 Graves病组患者59例,平均年龄(44.66+12.94)岁,其中男16例,女43例;甲状腺结节周围正常甲状腺组织标本27例为对照组,平均年龄(44.64+14.27)岁,其中男6例,女21例。采用实时荧光定量逆转录-多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测EGFR、Ku70、NF-κB和Bcl-2在Graves病及对照组甲状腺组织中的表达,t检验分析基因表达水平差异;Pearson相关法分析基因表达与临床特征及相关血清学指标之间的关系。结果上述基因在对照组及Graves病甲状腺组织中都有不同程度的表达。Graves病患者组织中EGFR及Ku70的表达水平明显高于对照组甲状腺组织(1.752±0.660 vs.0.859±0.125,P<0.05;3.304±0.402 vs.0.768±0.102,P<0.001);NF-κB及Bcl-2的表达水平明显低于对照组甲状腺组织(0.578±0.066 vs.0.884±0.085,P<0.001;0.834±0.086vs.1.235±0.261,P<0.05)。Graves病组织中NF-κB与Bcl-2表达水平呈正相关(r=0.399,P<0.001)。Graves病组织中Ku70的表达水平与血清TgAb水平呈正相关(r=0.263,P<0.05),而其他基因表达与相关血清学指标无关(P均>0.05)。结论 Ku70、EGFR、NF-κB、Bcl-2介导的信号转导通路可能参与了Graves病的发生、发展过程。     

转化生长因子-β_1抗体对人翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增殖及TGF-β_1-Smad4信号转导通路的影响

目的探讨转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)抗体对体外培养的翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增殖的抑制作用及对TGF-β1-Smad4信号转导通路的影响,评估其在翼状胬肉发病机制中的作用。方法人翼状胬肉切除后,体外培养其成纤维细胞并传至4~6代时,分别用6.25、12.5、25、50mg/mL TGF-β1抗体处理24、48、72h,采用MTT法检测成纤维细胞的生长抑制率,RT-PCR检测TGF-β1mRNA表达,Western blot检测Smad4蛋白的表达。所得数据采用SPSS19.0统计软件处理。结果 TGF-β1抗体可不同程度抑制成纤维细胞的增殖;TGF-β1抗体处理组TGF-β1mRNA的表达明显低于对照组,且不同浓度组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),随着浓度增大和作用时间延长,TGF-β1抗体处理组TGF-β1 mRNA的表达量呈逐渐降低趋势。不同浓度的TGF-β1抗体对Smad4的蛋白表达具有明显增强作用,且各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TGF-β1抗体对人翼状胬肉体外培养的成纤维细胞生长具有明显抑制作用,其可能通过调节TGF-β1和Smad4的表达而实现。     

Cost-effectiveness of reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from High-Speed Rail and urban transportation projects in California

A rising trend in state and federal transportation finance is to invest capital dollars into projects which reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, a key metric for comparing projects, the cost-effectiveness of GHG emissions reductions, is highly dependent on the cost-benefit methodology employed in the analysis. Our analysis comparing California High-Speed Rail and three urban transportation projects shows how four different accounting framings bring wide variations in cost per metric tonne of GHG emissions reduced. In our analysis, life-cycle GHG emissions are joined with full cost accounting to better understand the benefits of cap-and-trade investments. Considering only public subsidy for capital, none of the projects appear to be a cost-effective means to reduce GHG emissions (i.e., relative to the current price of GHG emissions in California’s cap-and-trade program at $12.21 per tonne). However, after adjusting for the change in private costs users incur when switching from the counterfactual mode (automobile or aircraft) to the mode enabled by the project, all investments appear to reduce GHG emissions at a net savings to the public. Policy and decision-makers who consider only the capital cost of new transportation projects can be expected to incorrectly assess alternatives and indirect benefits (i.e., how travelers adapt to the new mass transit alternative) should be included in decision-making processes.     

Economic Outcomes for Harvesters under the West Coast Groundfish Trawl Catch Share Program: Have Goals and Objectives Been Met?

Abstract

The West Coast Groundfish Trawl Catch Share Program was designed to achieve multiple economic goals and objectives, including increasing net benefits, profitability, flexibility, and utilization of harvest allocations. In this article, we leverage seven years of comprehensive cost and earnings data to evaluate progress towards these goals with a focus on harvesters. Our assessment shows that five years post-implementation, net benefits to the nation have doubled, and indicators of productivity and profitability have increased. The fleet that targets Pacific whiting has seen the largest gains, due in part to increases in total allowable catch and the elimination of the race-to-fish. However, increased revenues have not been realized to the degree that was expected for harvesters targeting non-whiting groundfish, partly due to lower than predicted consolidation and relatively low quota utilization. Economic outcomes indicate that tradeoffs exist between certain objectives of the program, specifically between achieving full utilization and flexibility for harvesters. Results are discussed in the context of the design and evaluation of catch share programs for diverse, multispecies fisheries.     

钛合金疲劳小裂纹扩展行为预报方法研究

针对小裂纹扩展阶段裂纹尖端塑性区域尺寸相对于小裂纹长度是不可忽略的问题,在考虑小裂纹效应裂纹扩展速率修正模型基础上,对该模型中裂纹尺寸进行修正,即裂纹长度等于真实裂纹长度加上平面应变状态下裂纹尖端塑性区域一半;并利用修正后的模型对钛合金材料不同情况下疲劳小裂纹扩展速率和寿命进行预报,同时将预报结果与试验值比较.结果表明:修正后的预报模型对小裂纹扩展速率和寿命均有很好的预报效果.     

论公路经营企业管理实践中财务管理的意义

分析公路经营企业中财务管理通过筹资决策、投资决策和股利决策来提高报酬率、降低风险、实现企业发展目标的策略。     

从成长主题解读《爱的故事》

《爱的故事》是美国作家露丝·怀特的作品,该作品1997年获纽伯瑞儿童文学奖银奖。小说展现了青少年在遭受重大挫折与伤痛之后如何在爱的支持下走出阴霾,心灵变得坚强与勇敢的艰难历程。通过分析主人公成长中的顿悟、成长的引路人和成长的仪式等方面所体现的成长主题,深入探讨了该小说中体现出的对爱的三种不同理解。     

Ghrelin对大鼠小肠转运的作用及对中枢和胃肠道c-Fos表达的影响

目的观察静脉注射ghrelin对大鼠小肠转运的作用及对中枢和胃肠道c-Fos表达的影响。方法大鼠禁食24h,静脉注射ghrelin(2、5、10、20μg/kg),经预先埋置在十二指肠内的导管注入伊文氏蓝溶液,观察不同剂量ghrelin对大鼠小肠转运的影响及ghrelin受体拮抗剂(D-Lys3)GHRP-6对其作用的影响。采用免疫组织化学和图像分析方法观察静脉给予ghrelin对大鼠中枢和胃肠道的c-Fos蛋白的激活情况;观察(D-Lys3)GHRP-6对ghrelin作用的影响。结果 1静脉给予ghrelin 2μg/kg对大鼠小肠转运无显著影响,给予ghrelin 5、10、20μg/kg可剂量依赖性促进小肠转运,此作用可被(D-Lys3)GHRP-6阻断。2静脉注射ghrelin可激活中枢多个部位的c-Fos表达,包括下丘脑室旁核、弓状核、杏仁内侧核、迷走神经背核、孤束核、延髓最后区和胸腰段脊髓背角c-Fos均有表达;胃、十二指肠、空肠和近端结肠肠神经丛的c-Fos有不同程度的表达,其中以胃和近端结肠的c-Fos表达最为显著。应用ghrelin受体拮抗剂(D-Lys3)GHRP-6可抑制ghrelin激活的c-Fos表达。结论 Ghrelin可促进小肠转运,其促动力作用由其受体GHS-R所介导;静脉给予ghrelin可通过肠神经系统和中枢神经系统调节小肠运动。     

Development and evaluation of a statistically reliable traffic counting program

This paper reviews the existing procedures to compute the seasonal factors, growth factors, and the number of automatic traffic recorder stations (ATRs) for developing a statistically reliable traffic counting program. The review is based on, (i) theoretical evaluation of the procedures, (ii) analysis of the results obtained from applying these procedures to extensive real life data, and (iii) experience of past researchers with these methods. The paper primarily deals with existing statistical procedures for determining seasonal factors, since it is believed that these factors play the most important role in estimating Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADTs) from short counts. The procedure of cluster analysis (which is most commonly used to determine seasonal factors) is critically reviewed. The shortcomings of this method motivated the development of a different statistical procedure, based on regression analysis, to determine seasonal factors. It is shown that this newly developed method gives better results than the cluster analysis techniques. Furthermore, separate sections are dedicated to a thorough analysis of determination of number of ATR stations and computation of growth factors.