经济潜力模型法量化高速公路对沿线经济的带动效益

从空间经济学中的经济潜力模型出发,探讨了高速公路对沿线及周边地区经济的带动效益问题。通过提出区域可接近性概念,并利用区域经济潜力模型量化分析了高速公路对沿线区域经济的影响,并结合实际案例(京沪高速公路河北境内青县至吴桥段高速公路)测算出了高速公路对沿线区域经济增长的贡献。研究结果表明:至2020年,青吴高速公路对沿线经济的带动效益达13亿左右。     

加强专属经济区内海事执法工作的探讨

随着世界各国越来越重视海洋资源的占有、开发和利用,国家间,尤其是沿海国之间在专属经济区的管辖和权力方面的争端也接连发生。各沿海国为了维护自身利益,试图通过《国际海洋法公约》的相关划界条款来争取更大的专属经济区面积。文中对专属经济区制度和中国专属经济区的管理现状作了简要介绍,并在分析专属经济区开展海事执法的必要性和法律依据的基础上,为海事部门加强专属经济区内执法工作提出了相关建议。     

Modeling the impacts of alternative emission trading schemes on international shipping

Various market-based measures have been proposed to reduce CO₂ emissions from international shipping. One promising mechanism under consideration is the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). This study analyzes and benchmarks the economic implications of two alternative ETS mechanisms, namely, an open ETS compared to a Maritime only ETS (METS). The analytical solutions and model calibration results allow us to quantify the impacts of alternative ETS schemes on the container shipping sector and the dry bulk shipping sector. It is found that an ETS, whether open or maritime only, will decrease shipping speed, carrier outputs and fuel consumption for both the container and dry bulk sectors, even in the presence of a “wind-fall” profit to shipping companies. Under an open ETS, the dry bulk sector will suffer from a higher proportional reduction in output than the container sector, and will thus sell more emission permits or purchase fewer permits. Under an METS, container carriers will buy emission permits from the dry bulk side. In addition, under an METS the degree of competition within one sector will have spill-over effects on the other sector. Specifically, when the sector that sells (buys) permits is more collusive (competitive), the equilibrium permit price will rise. This study provides a framework for identifying the moderating effects of market structure and competition between firms on emission reduction schemes, and emphasizes the importance of understanding the differential impacts of ETS schemes on individual sectors within an industry when considering alternative policies.     

Effect of transportation infrastructure on economic growth in India: The VECM approach

This paper examines the effect of transportation (road and rail) infrastructure on economic growth in India over the period 1970–2010. Using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the paper finds bidirectional causality between road transportation and economic growth. It also finds bidirectional causality between road transportation and capital formation, bidirectional causality between gross domestic capital formation and economic growth, unidirectional causality from rail transportation to economic growth and unidirectional causality from rail transportation to gross capital formation. The paper suggests that expansion of transport infrastructure (both road and rail) along with gross capital formation will lead to substantial growth of the Indian economy. Therefore, within its stated scope, this study suggests that a suitable transport policy should be retained to boost transportation infrastructure and hence sustainable economic growth in India.     

Productivity change of the Spanish Port System: impact of the economic crisis

ABSTRACT

The main goal of this study was to assess the impact of the economic crisis on the productivity growth of the Spanish Port System (SPS). The Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) was estimated for the 28 Port Authorities of the SPS, for a ‘non-crisis period’ (2005–2008) and a ‘crisis period’ (2008–2011). From a policy perspective, the MPI is a very useful approach for assessing the productivity change because it can be decomposed into the catching-up index and the frontier productivity index. The results showed that the economic crisis did not impact all of the Spanish Port Authorities equally. Some Port Authorities presented higher productivity growth during the crisis period than in the non-crisis period. Further analysis by the Mann–Whitney test revealed that Port Authority investments and productivity growth were statistically related. Information provided by this study may be very useful for stakeholders and decision-makers, in terms of long-term strategic planning and improving the competitiveness of the SPS. The findings illustrate that the economic crisis should not be seen as an international tragedy, but as an opportunity to adapt port traffics and installations to new needs and market demands.     

岩溶山区隧道地下水漏失对植物生长的影响分析及对策

为研究隧道建设引起的地下水漏失对周围生态环境的影响,依托穿越中梁山山脉通向重庆市区西部的3条重叠相交岩溶隧道（襄渝铁路中梁山隧道、渝遂高速公路大学城隧道和成渝客专铁路歌乐山隧道）的地下水漏失情况,对其影响区内的生态环境及植被生长进行长期监测与综合分析,利用树轮宽度均值探讨地下水漏失对隧址区优势植物（马尾松、杉木）的生长影响,提出基于生态环境保护的隧道地下水“以堵为主、限量排放”的建设思路。研究结果表明: “以排为主”的襄渝铁路中梁山隧道,造成马尾松生物量明显降低（衰退幅度达71.4%）,而“以堵为主、限量排放”的其他2条隧道对马尾松的影响则相对小; 3条隧道的建设对杉木的生长都产生了不利影响,影响范围在隧道轴线两侧1 km左右; 基于马尾松出现生长恢复的时期（1992-1997年）,建议将此阶段的最低地下水位作为隧址区地下水生态平衡埋深下限值,进而确定中梁山地区隧道的“以堵为主、限量排放”中限量排放的生态地下水位值,为岩溶山区隧道限量排放的地下水位控制提供参考。     

文化体制变革与文化产业增长

文化体制变革与文化产业增长反映的是在特定的中国社会转型时期文化制度变迁与文化经济发展的互动关系。传统文化体制之所以阻隔了文化产业的成长,是因为过度依赖行政权力对文化发展的作用,从而遏制了文化市场的产生。三十多年来的文化制度变迁是沿着有限放松管制和体制内优先的路径展开的,对文化产业的发展起到了积极的推动作用。当下文化产业增长遇到了许多制约因素,主要制约因素还是来自制度方面;在技术创新增长路径和制度变革增长路径的选择上,最终必须依靠制度创新才能驱动文化产业的持续增长。     

叶酸对冠心病大鼠血清同型半胱氨酸和血管内皮生长因子的影响

目的观察叶酸、维生素B12对冠心病大鼠模型血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的影响。方法将健康4周龄雄性SD大鼠60只(体重110±10g)随机分为正常对照组、高脂饮食组、叶酸组、维生素B12组、叶酸及维生素B12组。正常对照组给予普通饲料喂养;余各组给予高脂饲料喂养,第12周末测定各组大鼠血清血脂、HCY、VEGF含量;光镜、电镜查看腹主动脉组织学改变;利用Western blot检测各组大鼠腹主动脉中VEGF的表达。结果用药12周后,单独应用叶酸或联合维生素B12都能有效地降低冠心病模型大鼠血清HCY水平(P<0.01),升高血清和血管中VEGF水平(P<0.05),同时能改变VEGF的蛋白表达(P<0.05)。结论高脂饮食可以影响血清和血管中HCY、VEGF的水平,而应用叶酸或联合维生素B12可以改善或减轻高脂状态所造成的血管内皮损伤。     

结缔组织生长因子与caspase-3在自发性高血压大鼠心肌组织中表达的增龄性变化

目的动态观察结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)与半胱氨酸蛋白酶蛋白-3(caspase-3)在自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心肌组织中表达的增龄性变化,并探讨其与高血压性心肌病变的关系。方法采用心肌组织HE染色及免疫组织化学方法检测CTGFc、aspase-3在不同周龄SHR心肌组织中的表达变化,并用同龄同种系正常血压的京都种大鼠(WKY)作为对照组。结果在SHR组,随着周龄的增加,CTGF表达显著增长,心肌间质和血管平滑肌可见大量的棕黄色物质表达,且组间比较具有统计学意义。SHR组心肌细胞中caspase-3表达随着周龄增加,其阳性细胞数呈明显增高趋势,各周龄组之间比较亦有统计学意义。结论 CTGF与caspase-3的表达随着鼠龄、血压和左心室肥厚的变化而有所不同,此变化提示CTGF与caspase-3参与了高血压性心肌病变的发生发展。     

基于AMSAA-OCM方法的鱼雷实航可靠性评估

本文提出了基于AMSAA模型和顺序约束模型的鱼雷实航工作可靠性AMSAA-OCM评估方法,从而能够综合利用鱼雷组件的陆上试验信息和全雷湖海试验信息对实航工作可靠性进行评估,以提高实航可靠性的评估精度。