基于某车型动力性能匹配设计与驾驶性验收

随着现代汽车技术的飞速发展以及人们对于生活品质的需求提升,汽车动力性、经济性和舒适性成为了影响汽车市场成功的主要因素,其中汽车动力性又是汽车最基本、最重要的性能。这种匹配过程必须从两侧进行,但实际上,发动机的特性占据首要地位,变速器的特性必须适应发动机来实现匹配。对于特定的车辆,在初步确定汽车造型、总质量、轮胎规格以及性能目标后,为使汽车发挥最佳的动力性、经济性和舒适性,合理的匹配发动机和传动系统各参数显得尤为重要。在这种情况下,本文通过对标竞品车动力性性能、经济性能的客观测试和驾驶性的主观评价,初步确定某车型的开发目标;然后搭建仿真平台并基于该目标以及现有的整车参数、发动机特性进行正向计算得到某车型变速器各档位理论总速比;再结合现有资源确定3组可行的速比,并使用搭建的仿真平台进行动力性、经济性模拟计算,确定最优方案;最终实车搭载并完成基础标定后进行主客观测试。结果显示车辆性能优异,主客观评价均满足开发需求。在开发过程中借助计算机,仿真软件等高效工具,大大缩短了产品开发周期同时又保证了开发车型的动力性经济性能满足设计目标。     

港口增长的演化模型与实证分析

基于Logistic方程建立模拟港口增长的演化模型,并采用最小二乘数法对模型的参数进行估计。借助美、英、中3国的港口历史数据检验上述关系后,利用本模型拟合广州、上海、青岛、天津、大连等港口的增长过程,并进行趋势预测。预测结果表明：5个港口基本上均处于线性增长时期,现阶段普遍呈现高速增长,预计在2040--2060年将会达到1个极限值,即吞吐量约为6亿～15亿t;在港口规划中,要适度把握港口建设规模,避免工业化结束后可能出现的港口资源浪费等问题。     

试论中国建筑企业如何成功走向国际市场

中国建筑企业作为我国“走出去”战略的主力军,取得了令人瞩目的成就。文章阐述了在当前世界经济形势下,中国建筑业要站稳脚跟,扩大国际建筑工程市场,应注意安全、质量、资源配置和风险防范等几个重要环节,转变经营方式,找到“走出去”战略新的增长点。     

加强专属经济区内海事执法工作的探讨

随着世界各国越来越重视海洋资源的占有、开发和利用,国家间,尤其是沿海国之间在专属经济区的管辖和权力方面的争端也接连发生。各沿海国为了维护自身利益,试图通过《国际海洋法公约》的相关划界条款来争取更大的专属经济区面积。文中对专属经济区制度和中国专属经济区的管理现状作了简要介绍,并在分析专属经济区开展海事执法的必要性和法律依据的基础上,为海事部门加强专属经济区内执法工作提出了相关建议。     

Simulating deep CO2 emission reduction in transport in a general equilibrium framework: The GEM-E3T model

Transport sector restructuring to achieve deep GHG emission cuts has attracted much attention because transportation is important for the economy and inflexible in greenhouse gas emission reduction. The aim of this paper is to simulate transition towards low carbon transportation in the European Union until 2050 and to assess the ensuing macroeconomic and sectorial impacts. Transport restructuring is dynamically simulated using a new transport-oriented version of the computable general equilibrium model GEM-E3 which is linked with the PRIMES-TREMOVE energy and transport sectors model. The analysis draws from comparing a reference scenario projection for the EU member-states up to 2050 to alternative transport policy scenarios and sensitivities which involve deep cutting of CO₂ emissions. The simulations show that transport restructuring affects the economy through multiple channels, including investment in infrastructure, the purchasing and manufacturing of new technology vehicles, the production of alternative fuels, such as biofuels and electricity. The analysis identifies positive impacts of industrial activity and other sectors stemming from these activities. However, the implied costs of freight and passenger transportation are of crucial importance for the net impact on GDP and income. Should the transport sector transformation imply high unit costs of transport services, crowding out effects in the economy can offset the benefits. This implies that the technology and productivity progress assumptions can be decisive for the sign of GDP impacts. A robust conclusion is that the transport sector decarbonisation, is likely to have only small negative impacts on the EU GDP compared to business as usual.     

过载作用下两种疲劳裂纹扩展模型的比较

文章改进了一种疲劳裂纹扩展模型,将原来的模型描述范围扩展到疲劳裂纹扩展的第三个阶段,并给出了一种确定模型中β值的方法。文中还将该模型与另外一种双参数疲劳裂纹扩展模型进行了比较,两种模型都通过7075-T6铝在过载作用下的疲劳试验数据进行了验证。最后,给出了比较结果,以及对两种模型应用的建议。     

Seaports and the structural implications of the economic crisis

The 2008 credit crunch and the subsequent economic crisis ended a period that lasted over two decades wherein international seaports around the globe experienced double-digit volume increases. This chapter provides an analysis of the structural effects that the crisis has on seaports, focusing mostly on developments in Europe. It does so via an examination of (a) the crisis implication for each of the four major types of transport flows that account for the vast majority of port throughput worldwide; (b) the prospects for future capacity organisation and development, given the realignment of the involvement strategies that the various stakeholders (i.e., governments, port authorities, service providers, users, investors) endorse in reaction to the financial tsunami; and (c) the adjustment opportunities, that the trade downturn unintentionally provides, allowing for correction of existing misallocations in the sector via the deployment of relevant adjustment strategies by the related actors. Recapping the identified structural consequences, the final section concludes on the changing role and responsibilities of port authorities and the ‘new issues’ that will require further investigation in the post-financial tsunami era.     

Fatigue life prediction of welded stiffened 350WT steel plates

The propagation of fatigue cracks under constant amplitude cyclic loading was studied in welded stiffened steel plates. The residual stresses in the stiffened plates were measured using the neutron diffraction strain-scanning technique. A finite element model of the stiffened plate was constructed to simulate the residual stresses by an uncoupled thermal and thermo-mechanical analysis. Both the finite element model and the neutron diffraction measurements indicated that in general the residual stresses were tensile near the welded stiffeners and compressive between the stiffeners and ahead of the starter notch tip. Fatigue testing indicated that the fatigue crack growth rates of the stiffened plates were in general lower than that of a corresponding unstiffened plate, especially near the notch tip where compressive residual stresses existed. Both the finite element method and Green's function predicted the fatigue crack growth rates with reasonable accuracy.     

沥青混凝土加铺层的技术经济性分析

文章运用寿命周期费用分析的方法,对国道322线全州-桂林段一级公路路面大修方案A和方案B进行技术经济性分析,寻求技术可行、经济性最佳的方案。通过比较得出方案A(加铺沥青混凝土)优于方案B(加铺水泥混凝土)。     

人体慢性吗啡依赖对内分泌的影响

采用放射免疫法对３０例慢性吗啡依赖者进行了治疗前、后血中皮质醇（ｃｏｒｔｉ－ｓｏｎ，ＣＯＲ）及生长激素（ｇｒｏｗｔｈｈｏｒｍｏｎｅ，ＧＨ）水平的测定，并以３０例健康人作对照。结果表明：人体慢性吗啡依赖者体内ＣＯＲ、ＧＨ水平显著升高，经一个月的戒毒治疗后体内ＣＯＲ、ＧＨ水平下降，但仍高于正常，此时临床上观察到吗啡依赖者躯体戒断症状全部消失，说明内分泌激素ＣＯＲ、ＧＨ参与慢性吗啡依赖的形成。