胰岛素样生长因子-1与糖尿病下肢血管病变的关系

目的分析血清胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）水平在2型糖尿病下肢血管病变中的变化规律，探讨IGF-1在糖尿病大血管病变发病机制中的作用，为糖尿病大血管病变的防治提供依据。方珐选择74例2型糖尿病患者和15例健康人，常规测身高、体重、血压、血糖、空腹胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、血脂、尿白蛋白排泄率；用ELISA法测血清IGF-1水平；用多普勒超声进行双下肢动脉病变检查。结果①糖尿病患者血清IGF-1水平明显高于对照组；②糖尿病合并下肢动脉血管病变时血清IGF-1水平明显高于无下肢动脉血管病变组，且血清IGF-1水平与下肢动脉血管病变的严重程度呈正相关；③糖尿病下肢动脉血管病变的严重程度与尿白蛋白排泄率、病程、血总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平呈正相关。结论血清IGF-1水平可以反映糖尿病下肢血管病变的严重程度，对糖尿病大血管病变的诊断有参考价值，并有可能作为糖尿病大血管病变治疗的新靶点。     

脑缺血组织nestin蛋白重新表达及其与碱性成纤维细胞生长因子表达的关系

目的　研究缺血脑组织nestin蛋白重新表达和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)表达的关系。方法　建立永久性脑缺血大鼠模型 ,采用免疫组化染色方法 ,观察脑缺血后 1、3、7、14、2 8d脑组织nestin蛋白和bFGF的表达。结果　缺血后 1～ 3d缺血灶附近nestin免疫阳性细胞大量出现 ,缺血 7d开始减少 ;而bFGF免疫阳性细胞在缺血 14d大量出现 ,缺血 2 8d开始减少。结论　缺血脑组织重新表达nestin蛋白不需要bFGF的营养和支持 ,缺血脑组织周围的nestin免疫阳性细胞来源于重演胚胎发育过程的星形胶质细胞     

COX-2、VEGF的表达和胃癌血管生成的关系

目的　探讨环氧化酶 2 (COX 2 )、血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)与胃癌血管生成的关系。方法　用免疫组化SP法检测 4 5例胃癌、癌旁组织COX 2、VEGF和MVD的表达。结果　胃癌组织COX 2、VEGF和MVD的表达明显高于癌旁组织。COX 2 (+)或VEGF(+)组MVD(6 1.2 9± 14 .31;6 0 .0 7± 15 .86 )均显著高于COX 2 (- )或VEGF(- )组 (45 .38± 12 .4 2 ;4 3.0 6± 18.91,P <0 .0 5 ) ,COX 2、VEGF均为阳性组MVD(6 2 .4 6± 14 .34)明显高于两者均阴性组 (41.2 4± 13.6 5 ,P<0 .0 5 )或仅一项阳性组 (P <0 .0 5 )。COX 2、VEGF均与MVD显著正相关 (P <0 .0 1) ,COX 2与VEGF显著正相关 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　COX 2可能参与胃癌血管生成 ,VEGF可能是COX 2诱导肿瘤血管生成的重要介质     

血管内皮生长因子及微血管密度与大肠癌浸润、转移及预后的关系

目的　探讨血管内皮细胞生长因子 (VEGF)和血管生成与大肠癌发展的关系。方法　采用SABC免疫组化方法 ,检测 6 3例大肠癌、10例癌旁组织及 10例正常大肠组织中VEGF的表达及微血管密度 (MVD)。结果　大肠癌组织中VEGF的表达阳性率明显高于癌旁组织 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与组织学分级无关 (P >0 .0 5 )。VEGF阳性者MVD值显著高于VEGF阴性者 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,VEGF表达和MVD与大肠癌浸润深度、Dukes分期、淋巴转移和血行转移密切相关 (P<0 .0 5 )。VEGF表达阳性或高MVD的大肠癌患者预后差 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　VEGF表达与大肠癌血管生成密切相关 ,对大肠癌的生长和浸润转移有促进作用 ,MVD与VEGF可作为大肠癌病程检测的指标 ,对患者治疗的选择起到一定指导作用     

应力环境与重组人生长激素对骨质疏松下颌骨最大载荷的影响

目的观察不同应力环境对骨质疏松下颌骨最大载荷的影响及补充生长激素对其变化的影响。方法通过去除SD大鼠双侧卵巢,拔除单侧上颌磨牙,建立骨质疏松下颌骨高、低应力环境的动物模型,用三点弯曲法检测下颌骨最大载荷的变化。结果去势后大鼠下颌骨最大载荷显著降低(P<0.01)。生长激素组双侧下颌骨最大载荷均显著高于骨质疏松组(P<0.01)。骨质疏松组下颌骨最大载荷低应力侧显著低于高应力侧(P<0.01),假手术组及生长激素组拔牙4周后双侧无明显差异,仅拔牙8周后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论低应力环境加速骨吸收,促进下颌骨骨强度的下降。补充生长激素则可阻止低应力环境下骨质疏松大鼠颌骨骨强度的下降,抑制骨吸收。     

Book reviews

R. S. Farrow, with J. M. Broadus, T. A. Grigalunas, P. Hoagland III, and J. J. Opaluch. 1990. Managing the Outer Continental Shelf Lands: Oceans of Controversy. New York: Taylor & Francis New York, 168 pp., paper.

Richard A. Kenchington. 1990. Managing Marine Environments. New York: Taylor & Francis, 248 pp.     

Economic appraisal of universal design in transport: Experiences from Norway

Economic assessment of universally designed transport projects has not been studied in depth in the transport planning literature. Universal Design (UD) refers to the design of transport systems in a way that they are accessible to all users, irrespective of the users’ abilities. This definition of UD has not yet gained roots in the transport economic literature. The conventional thinking is that UD is for the few, i.e., the impaired, and given that they are few in numbers, UD projects will generally be unprofitable from a socioeconomic point of view because benefits will be low while investment costs will be too high. The objective of this paper is to prove the opposite: UD projects benefit all users of the facility, whether impaired or not, and the additional costs of implementing them are generally low; hence, their net present values are high and positive. We build on collaborative work between the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA) and the Institute of Transport Economics (TOI) aimed at creating guidelines for assessing the economic merits of UD projects. Therefore, in this paper, we: (1) define how UD is to be understood in the context of road and public transport; (2) describe the types of benefits and costs that accrue to users if UD projects are implemented; (3) address how the benefits and cost can be valued in monetary terms; and (4) using three different types of projects, demonstrate that UD projects are surprisingly profitable from a socioeconomic point of view. Finally, we address the implications of our findings and explain why governments need to be concerned with UD of transport systems.     

城市土地利用与交通一体化发展机制研究

在总结际城市土地利用与交通发展历程的经验教训基础上,分析了土地利用与交通的互为反馈、互相促进的关系,并在借鉴国际上土地利用与交通一体化理念和国内实践案例经验基础上,就如何建立相关城市发展引导机制进行了探讨。     

加快建设东南国际航运中心的对策研究

建设东南国际航运中心可考虑以厦门港为中心,福州港、湄洲湾港、温州港、汕头港为支撑的构架。提出了实现这一设想的9项措施,诸如科学规划统筹发展、加快港口基础建设、提升空港航运功能、促进临港工业发展、完善物流服务体系等。     

Estimating the effects of entry regulation in the Istanbul taxicab market

The economic literature shows that entry regulation in taxicab markets brings about a dramatic increase in medallion prices or license values of taxicabs. However, there is no study estimating what the effect of regulation is exactly on real medallion prices. We develop a model to estimate the effect of entry restrictions in the Istanbul taxicab market over real medallion prices and inflation. Our findings contribute that entry regulation in taxicab markets increases medallion prices. Moreover, we find that entry regulation in Istanbul pressures inflation rates as well.