焊接钢梁疲劳寿命及其参数研究

焊接钢构件的概率疲劳寿命曲线和概率裂纹扩展速率曲线是进行钢结构疲劳可靠性设计和服役期间剩余疲劳寿命可靠性评估所必须的。为了获得一些构件的概率曲线,对美国NCHRP研究机构所进行的大规模焊接钢梁疲劳试验结果进行再分析。通过原始数据的统计检验,得出了常见构件的全寿命概率分布。根据Paris公式及已有的结论,对原始数据进行推演再分析,获得了Paris公式中参数的概率分布。最后,给出了概率断裂力学方法预测焊接钢梁在给定可靠度下疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的算例。     

环氧化酶-2及表皮生长因子受体在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨环氧化酶-2(COX-2)与表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达及与肺癌发生发展的关系。方法采用免疫组化(SP)法检测56例NSCLC和20例正常肺组织中COX-2与EGFR的表达。结果56例NSCLC组织中,COX-2与EGFR表达阳性率分别为64.2%和67.8%,显著高于正常肺组织(P<0.01),COX-2与EGFR表达与临床分期、病理分级、组织学分型和淋巴结转移密切相关(P<0.05),肿瘤分期愈晚,细胞分化越差,淋巴结转移越高,COX-2与EGFR表达阳性率越高,腺癌中COX-2表达明显高于鳞癌,鳞癌中EGFR表达高于腺癌(P<0.05)。结论COX-2与EGFR在NSCLC中异常表达说明其在肺癌发生发展中有重要作用,可作为判断NSCLC的生物学行为及估计预后的指标。     

基于统一的疲劳寿命预报方法（UFLP）的深潜器载人舱疲劳可靠性分析

疲劳是承受循环载荷的金属结构最重要的失效机制,现已有多种金属疲劳寿命预报方法。实际的设计、制造、加工和操作等工序环节中总是存在不确定性,这些不确定性的影响将在结构的疲劳寿命中富集,为此发展了疲劳可靠性分析。该文讨论了将疲劳可靠性分析方法和统一的疲劳寿命预报方法（UFLP）相结合的可行性,为海洋结构物的安全使用提供参考。文中的极限状态方程是基于统一的疲劳寿命预报方法（UFLP）得到的,并讨论了其中各参数对疲劳寿命的影响;针对一组TC4-ELI的疲劳裂纹扩展数据,分别采用Monte-Carlo法和JC法开展了疲劳可靠性分析,两种分析方法得到的结果彼此符合得较好。     

马氏体镍钢用于制造全海深载人舱的可行性初探

为进一步探索深渊海沟,需要研制全海深载人潜水器。在给定设计深度下,潜水器的成功研制取决于对载人舱选材的合理性。合理选材使得载人舱的重量较小,同时,材料具备良好的综合性能使其能够承受非常高的外部压力及适应严峻的环境条件。在全海深载人舱设计过程中,马氏体时效钢以其较高的强度、良好的韧性、较好的可加工性能及热处理性能而备受关注。其中,18Ni系马氏体时效钢因具备较好的综合性能而作为全海深载人舱的备选材料,因此在载人舱设计之前需要对备选材料的综合性能进行合理的评估。该文对载人舱材料选择标准进行了探讨,以此为基础,针对18Ni系马氏体镍钢的重要性能指标进行了分析,分析结果将为后续的材料试验研究和载人舱初步设计提供理论指导。     

Integrated analysis of land-use and transport policy interventions

Analysing the impact of urban policy interventions on urban growth, land use and transport (LUT) is crucial for urban planners, transport planners and policy-makers, especially in rapidly growing cities. This paper presents a cellular automata-based land-use/transport interaction model – Metronamica-LUTI – for Jeddah that is used to analyse the impact of different proposed policy interventions under two urban growth scenarios for the period 2011–2031. Used as an integrated policy impact assessment tool, the model demonstrates a strong reciprocal relationship between LUT in Jeddah. This study shows that relevant spatial information and integrated policy impact assessment can provide rich insights into the interaction between LUT, the appropriate policy to consider in place and time which traditional planning practice and typical static urban models cannot do.     

耳蜗用微量渗透泵灌注生长因子对庆大霉素致聋豚鼠的治疗作用

目的　应用微量渗透泵 (Mini- Osmotic pump,MOP)给正常动物耳蜗和庆大霉素 (GM) )致聋豚鼠耳蜗长期恒速灌注人工外淋巴和表皮生长因子 (Epidermal growth factor,EGF) ,观察其对听力和内耳组织形态的影响。方法　用 Alzet model- 2 0 0 4型 MOP向三组各 1 0只的正常豚鼠 A组和 GM致聋豚鼠 B组 ,耳蜗底回鼓阶灌注人工外淋巴液 ,同法给 GM致聋豚鼠耳蜗灌注EGF设为 C组 ,在 MOP埋植前和埋植后 1、2、3和 4周测定 ABR反应阈值 ,用扫描电镜观察各组动物耳蜗 Corti器的组织形态改变。结果　 MOP给正常动物灌注人工外淋巴对 ABR和耳蜗内外毛细胞无明显影响 ,而给 GM致聋组豚鼠耳蜗灌注 EGF可促进受损内耳组织细胞修复 ,使ABR阈值改善。结论　应用 MOP可向耳蜗长期恒速灌注人工外淋巴 ,对耳蜗功能和形态无明显影响 ;而长期恒速灌注 EGF对 GM耳中毒豚鼠的耳蜗毛细胞有修复治疗作用。可使 ABR反应阈值下降     

Analysis of the economic and social parameters of the Three-Wheeler Taxi service in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has an extensive Three-Wheeler Taxi service comprised of around 300,000 vehicles. These vehicles, which first made an entry to Sri Lanka’s roads in the early 1980s, account for around 15% of the active motor vehicle fleet at present. Three-Wheelers Taxis also account for around 6% of the passenger kilometres. These vehicles are mostly individually operated with some owned by the operator and others hired on a monthly or daily basis. The industry is unregulated with vehicle registration and driving licenses being the only instruments of regulation. Fares are unregulated. However, most operators belong to associations which are loose collections of operators found in a given locality. These associations impose a degree of self regulation with respect to fares. They also tend to demonstrate oligapolistic behaviour.The paper is based on a survey of 200 operators and 100 passengers from a Divisional Secretariat area in Colombo District. The survey covered a number of details pertaining to ownership, management and fare structures, as well as opinions on the service attributes by users. The survey also covered perceptions of operators to determine the social, economic and transport implications of the services provided. Details were also obtained on the profiles of the operators and their expectations.The paper provides the results of the analysis of this data and draws a number of conclusions on the economics of the industry as well as the social aspects associated with it. It also discusses the characteristics of the users of these three wheelers as well as their typical use. The analysis also investigates complementarily of service provision between three wheelers as an access mode to buses and railways. This analysis has been used to develop an understanding of the manner in which the industry has grown over the last two decades and how it is being operated today. It also identifies areas wherein the industry has become inefficient and assesses the degree of over pricing that exists due to this. The data also helps to determine the relationship between unemployment and provision of self-employed transport services.The paper concludes with a synopsis of the profile of the industry and its role within the wider transport sector and with respect to ownership. It also discusses the positive and negative impacts of the lack of regulation on the industry.     

Competition in Brazilian bus and coach services - The results of recent competitive tendering processes

This paper analyses the terms and the results of a sample of some recent Brazilian bidding processes for the concession of public passenger transport services: namely, urban and metropolitan bus or regional coach services. The analysis is based on selected issues relating to competitiveness and upon the legal framework that applies in this sector. It was concluded that, given the lack of bidding processes for concessions in the bus and coach sector in Brazil, the fact that some bidding processes have been carried out should be considered a sign of progress. However, these auctions have not necessarily prioritised competitiveness, since many barriers to entry into the systems were imposed by the bidding terms. Future competitive tendering processes should seek to abide by stricter principles of competitiveness, if they wish to avoid the entire effort expended on conducting such processes serving only to mask nothing more than formal obedience to the law and to discredit the bidding process in the eyes of Brazilian citizens.     

区域交通枢纽与经济发展适应度研究

为促进区域交通枢纽与经济的协调发展,研究了区域交通枢纽与经济发展水平的适应度。首先,建立交通枢纽与经济交互作用下的两个子系统,然后选取交通枢纽与经济相关指标,构建适应度评价函数,进而评价交通枢纽与经济发展的适应情况。以九龙坡区为研究对象,将2008—2015 年交通枢纽与经济基础数据转化为其增长率,然后对二者综合发展水平进行了计算,根据适 应度模型对二者之间的适应度进行测算。结果显示,经济综合发展水平略大于交通枢纽发展水平,二者之间适应度经历“S”型周期波动变化过程,且适应度值整体处于0.4 以上,均未达到较强的适应状态。在未来经济发展中,交通枢纽建设有待加强,而且需占主导地位,才能引导经济 快速发展。     

有效应力强度因子幅值计算模型的验证

裂纹闭合效应在金属疲劳中有着十分重要的作用,裂纹闭合概念已经用于解释变幅载荷作用下的裂纹扩展问题,已提出了许多基于裂纹闭合概念的有效应力强度因子计算模型.黄等人在Newman模型的基础上,提出了考虑因素更全面且便于应用的有效应力强度因子幅计算模型以及变幅载荷下工程结构疲劳寿命预测模型.为了验证该模型对不同材料的有效性和适应性,收集了一些相关的试验数据,和该模型的预测结果对比发现该模型的预测结果和试验数据符合得很好.对几种钢、铝合金和钛合金材料在不同应力比下的裂纹扩展速率数据用该模型转换成用有效应力强度因子表示的裂纹扩展速率,结果表明由有效应力强度因子幅表示的扩展速率将不同应力比下较分散的裂纹扩展率数据集中在一个很小的分散带内,同时得到了有参考价值的的一些结论.