普速铁路涵洞覆土厚度不足地段轨道减振措施研究

既有线经提速改造后,因标准提高,出现涵洞地段原有的覆土厚度不满足规范要求,列车通过时引起较大振动,必须采取相应的轨道减振措施。调研常用的轨道减振方法,结合既有宁启线200 km/h提速工程实例,运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,对不同减振方案下车辆、轨道、路基的动力学指标进行仿真计算。计算结果表明:不减振措施方案,不能满足时速200 km线路要求;减振方案各项计算结果均满足相关规定要求,能满足时速200 km线路要求。根据仿真计算结果,综合分析施工方便性、整治后的工后沉降以及综合经济性指标后,对200 km/h提速工程涵洞覆土厚度不足地段得出以下结论:0.65 m≤覆土厚度h≤1.2 m地段,采用弹性长轨枕方案,覆土厚度h0.65 m地段,采取线路纵断面调整措施将覆土厚度调整至0.65 m以上。     

刚架桩板式挡土墙受力分析及应用研究

针对传统桩板式挡土墙采用人工开挖桩井,工效低、施工安全风险大,锚固段无基岩或坚硬地层时桩身截面尺寸大、锚固段长、不经济等不足,提出一种新型的刚架桩板式挡土墙,该挡土墙由双排钢筋混凝土灌注桩、桩顶冠梁刚性连接、前排桩预留连接钢筋与布设的钢筋网连成整体浇筑挡土板组成。通过对刚架桩板式挡土墙的受力分析,给出此新型支挡结构的设计思路和方法;通过3处采用刚架桩板式挡土墙的工程实例与传统桩板式挡土墙的对比分析,说明刚架桩板式挡土墙在技术和经济方面具有明显的优势。     

列车流线型外形三维参数化CAD系统

随着提速的要求 ,高速列车外形的流线化设计已经成为一种趋势。介绍了二次开发三维参数化曲面建模 CAD系统的基本方法 ,基于 Auto CAD2 0 0 0平台 ,利用 Object ARX2 0 0 0和 VC 6.0技术开发了集成 CAD系统—— LSurf CAD,并介绍了系统的主要功能和界面。     

应用网络流模型解决航班衔接问题

针对单枢纽机场航线结构的特点，以所需飞机数最少为目标，提出了一种描述航班衔接问题的图论模型及优化算法。首先将航班衔接问题转化为航班节的衔接问题，并建立一个描述航班节衔接问题的二部图，将航班衔接问题转化为二部图的最大匹配问题，然后由二部图生成一个具有单源汇网络特征的辅助图，利用Ford-Fulkerson算法求该网络的最大流，进而得到二部图的最大匹配，从而得到了一个需用飞机数最少的航班节衔接方案，为利用计算机自动编制并优化航班衔接方案提供了一种可行方法。并且通过调整过站时间上限，可以得出不同的航班衔接方案，为制订生产计划提供了必要的灵活性。     

水运网络构画与城市经济空间传统布局思想研究

水资源条件是影响经济空间和经济区位的重要因素,经济空间概念涉及居住形态和经济发展的区位问题,区位理论是关于人类经济活动的空间分布及空间相互关系的学说,对全国范围的水路运输网络系统的整体构想是古代水运网络思想的重要内容,水路网络的延伸与畅达在一定程度上影响着古代城市经济空间的布局特征。     

基于运量的国民经济效益网络计算法

通过对现行国民经济效益计算方法的研究．运用交通分配理论论证了现行计算方法中运量分析存在的问题。依据交通分配理论和消费者剩余理论，将交通建设项目吸引区内整个路网作为研究对象，建立了基于运量的国民经济效益网络计算法。实例计算表明该方法的有效性。     

Productivity change of the Spanish Port System: impact of the economic crisis

ABSTRACT

The main goal of this study was to assess the impact of the economic crisis on the productivity growth of the Spanish Port System (SPS). The Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) was estimated for the 28 Port Authorities of the SPS, for a ‘non-crisis period’ (2005–2008) and a ‘crisis period’ (2008–2011). From a policy perspective, the MPI is a very useful approach for assessing the productivity change because it can be decomposed into the catching-up index and the frontier productivity index. The results showed that the economic crisis did not impact all of the Spanish Port Authorities equally. Some Port Authorities presented higher productivity growth during the crisis period than in the non-crisis period. Further analysis by the Mann–Whitney test revealed that Port Authority investments and productivity growth were statistically related. Information provided by this study may be very useful for stakeholders and decision-makers, in terms of long-term strategic planning and improving the competitiveness of the SPS. The findings illustrate that the economic crisis should not be seen as an international tragedy, but as an opportunity to adapt port traffics and installations to new needs and market demands.     

Impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative in the Indian subcontinent under future port development scenarios

ABSTRACT

The aim of this paper is twofold: the first is to assess the extent to which current port development initiatives contribute to securing the status of the Port of Colombo as a regional transshipment (T/S) hub to serve the Indian subcontinent; and the second is to generate plausible future development scenarios for the maritime industry in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). A scenario analysis method is applied to examine the past trends and to build future development scenarios. The results showed that major Indian ports have experienced a significant growth in cargo volumes and vessel traffic. South and East Indian coastal ports continue to use the Port of Colombo as a T/S port in tandem with the corridors connected to the Indian Ocean. Scenario analysis highlights the growing importance of BRI-centric land-based economic corridors, which would generate a large amount of cargos from hinterlands up to China. This would be further fueled through the Great Mekong region-driven industrialization, which would add to the west-bound maritime cargo volume. The paper concludes that the increased capital influx from China would more likely to result in a substantial development of the present port and road/rail infrastructure in Sri Lanka.     

A virtual environment for the formulation of policy packages

The interdependence and complexity of socio-technical systems and availability of a wide variety of policy measures to address policy problems make the process of policy formulation difficult. In order to formulate sustainable and efficient transport policies, development of new tools and techniques is necessary. One of the approaches gaining ground is policy packaging, which shifts focus from implementation of individual policy measures to implementation of combinations of measures with the aim of increasing efficiency and effectiveness of policy interventions by increasing synergies and reducing potential contradictions among policy measures. In this paper, we describe the development of a virtual environment for the exploration and analysis of different configurations of policy measures in order to build policy packages. By developing systematic approaches it is possible to examine more alternatives at a greater depth, decrease the time required for the overall analysis, provide real-time assessment and feedback on the effect of changes in the configurations, and ultimately form more effective policies. The results from this research demonstrate the usefulness of computational approaches in addressing the complexity inherent in the formulation of policy packages. This new approach has been applied to the formulation of policies to advance sustainable transportation.     

Application of advanced sampling for efficient probabilistic traffic modelling

In probabilistic traffic models, consideration of stochasticity in the dynamics of traffic gives a closer representation of a traffic system in comparison to that of a deterministic approach. Monte Carlo simulation is a broadly accepted method to consider variations in traffic within modelling. In this contribution, the possibility of increasing the efficiency of probabilistic traffic flow models using Monte Carlo simulation is analysed using variance reduction techniques and sequencing, for varied capacity and traffic demand values. The techniques of Importance Sampling, Latin Hypercube Sampling and Quasi-Random Sequencing are compared in a dynamic macroscopic traffic model to demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques for reduction of the computational load when considering multiple input variations. Demonstration of their efficiency in traffic modelling is expected to lead to a wider application of the methods in practice.