Electric vehicles: How much range is required for a day’s driving?

One full year of high-resolution driving data from 484 instrumented gasoline vehicles in the US is used to analyze daily driving patterns, and from those infer the range requirements of electric vehicles (EVs). We conservatively assume that EV drivers would not change their current gasoline-fueled driving patterns and that they would charge only once daily, typically at home overnight. Next, the market is segmented into those drivers for whom a limited-range vehicle would meet every day’s range need, and those who could meet their daily range need only if they make adaptations on some days. Adaptations, for example, could mean they have to either recharge during the day, borrow a liquid-fueled vehicle, or save some errands for the subsequent day. From this analysis, with the stated assumptions, we infer the potential market share for limited-range vehicles. For example, we find that 9% of the vehicles in the sample never exceeded 100 miles in one day, and 21% never exceeded 150 miles in one day. These drivers presumably could substitute a limited-range vehicle, like electric vehicles now on the market, for their current gasoline vehicle without any adaptation in their driving at all. For drivers who are willing to make adaptations on 2 days a year, the same 100 mile range EV would meet the needs of 17% of drivers, and if they are willing to adapt every other month (six times a year), it would work for 32% of drivers. Thus, it appears that even modest electric vehicles with today’s limited battery range, if marketed correctly to segments with appropriate driving behavior, comprise a large enough market for substantial vehicle sales. An additional analysis examines driving versus parking by time of day. On the average weekday at 5 pm, only 15% of the vehicles in the sample are on the road; at no time during the year are fewer than 75% of vehicles parked. Also, because the return trip home is widely spread in time, even if all cars plug in and begin charging immediately when they arrive home and park, the increased demand on the electric system is less problematic than prior analyses have suggested.     

气电混合动力公交车燃气经济性分析

本文主要针对气电混合动力公交车的经济性进行了研究，并通过路谱采集分析燃气发动机实际常用工作区域，结合发动机燃烧特性分析发动机燃气经济性。并通过对电控发动机重新标定达到气耗百公里降低2-3公斤。     

A choice experiment on alternative fuel vehicle preferences of private car owners in the Netherlands

This paper presents results of an online stated choice experiment on preferences of Dutch private car owners for alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) and their characteristics. Results show that negative preferences for alternative fuel vehicles are large, especially for the electric and fuel cell car, mostly as a result of their limited driving range and considerable refueling times. Preference for AFVs increases considerably with improvements on driving range, refueling time and fuel availability. Negative AFV preferences remain, however, also with substantial improvements in AFV characteristics; the remaining willingness to accept is on average € 10,000–€ 20,000 per AFV. Results from a mixed logit model show that consumer preferences for AFVs and AFV characteristics are heterogeneous to a large extent, in particular for the electric car, additional detour time and fuel time for the electric and fuel cell car. An interaction model reveals that annual mileage is by far the most important factor that determines heterogeneity in preferences for the electric and fuel cell car. When annual mileage increases, the preference for electric and fuel cell cars decreases substantially, whilst the willingness to pay for driving range increases substantially. Other variables such as using the car for holidays abroad and the daily commute also appear to be relevant for car choice.     

空浴式汽化器的应用

广州中船龙穴造船基地民船项目原设计的丙烷、二氧化碳站房汽化器均采用电加热式汽化器,根据当地海洋气候的特点,参考一些相关厂家的运行使用经验,并结合公司的实际情况,通过与设计院的充分沟通和技术论证,将电加热式汽化器全部改为采用空浴式汽化器,实现了电能零消耗而达到汽化效果,经济节能、安全可靠和低碳环保。本文着重介绍了空浴式汽化器的结构、工作原理、关键技术参数及节能效果等内容。     

基于NVH性能的电动汽车车身模态匹配与优化

为了减小车内噪声,提高电动汽车的NVH性能,文章应用车身模态匹配策略和流程,制定了模态频率规划表,利用有限元分析软件Hypermesh和求解器Nastran软件,对车身进行了模态分析与匹配,并对车身各部件的模态参数进行了灵敏度分析和优化。通过仿真验算和试验得到了较好效果,证明了分析方法的可行性。为电动汽车的NVH研发工作提供了参考。     

轻型载货电动汽车车架的模态分析

本文以三维设计软件CATIA建立某轻型载货电动汽车车架的数模,并对车架进行模态分析,在得到车架前10阶固有频率和固有振型的基础上,将结果与汽车受到的激励频率进行对比分析,讨论了车架与外部激励可能发生共振的情况。     

HC9S12单片机在混合动力汽车ISG控制系统中的应用

基于MC68HC9S12DP256B单片机,研制了混合动力汽车(HEV)集成化动力总成(ISG)控制系统,提出了软硬件设计、电机和动力电池的模糊控制和动力总成的控制策略。     

电动汽车真空助力制动系统的匹配计算与研究

以某微型汽车为例,建立了其真空助力制动系统的数学模型,对燃油汽车改装为电动汽车后的制动系统真空助力匹配进行了计算分析,从而为电动汽车真空助力系统中真空罐、真空助力器、真空泵的选型和匹配提供了理论依据.通过试验验证可知,本文的真空罐及真空泵阀值选择合理,电动真空泵工作时间为4～6 s.     

电动摩托车续驶里程试验方法研究

续驶里程试验方法高效、合理,可以用较低的试验成本得到较理想的可信度结果,试验仅需一段1500m的试验道路、几百元一台的GPS测速仪和几只标杆,非常方便电动车企业（特别是还没有装备底盘测功机的企业）自行组织试验,以获得第一手试验数据。     

输油管道腐蚀与杂散电流测量

阐述了直流杂散电流干扰对管道腐蚀的基本原理,针对直流杂散电流的特点及工程测试要求,设计了智能杂散电流测试仪并用于地下管道的工程测试中。实际应用表明,该仪表具有良好的性能。