基于评价指数的属性约简算法

从粗糙集理论出发,提出可分辨关系和对象差异矩阵的概念,并以此为基础构造出基于评价指数的属性约简算法.算法采用自底向上的方法,利用属性的评价指数作为启发式信息,求得属性集合的约简.在多个UC I数据集上进行试验,理论分析和实验数据表明,文中提出的属性约简算法是有效、可行的,具有较高的效率.     

排放试验室动力-传动系匹配试验研究

为使某车辆厂开发的车型满足国家最新相关法规要求,在排放试验室通过动力-传动系匹配试验进行选型.介绍了试验方案的设计及试验方法,进行了工况排放测试、动力性测试和经济性测试以及发动机净功率测试,对3款发动机匹配2款不同速比后桥进行试验对比分析,并选择出了满足技术要求的优化配置方案,给出了配置调整建议.     

振动压路机五自由度减振模型求解的一种新方法及仿真分析

根据对振动压路机考虑各系统阻尼后的五自由度减振模型的分析,对该模型进行了求解,并结合振动压路机的设计参数对求解的结果进行了仿真。通过求解及仿真结果可得：与两自由度模型相比,这种求解方法求解的五自由度模型同样简单可行并且分析问题更加全面,能为振动压路机各个模块的减振优化设计提供更好的理论参考依据。     

Application of advanced sampling for efficient probabilistic traffic modelling

In probabilistic traffic models, consideration of stochasticity in the dynamics of traffic gives a closer representation of a traffic system in comparison to that of a deterministic approach. Monte Carlo simulation is a broadly accepted method to consider variations in traffic within modelling. In this contribution, the possibility of increasing the efficiency of probabilistic traffic flow models using Monte Carlo simulation is analysed using variance reduction techniques and sequencing, for varied capacity and traffic demand values. The techniques of Importance Sampling, Latin Hypercube Sampling and Quasi-Random Sequencing are compared in a dynamic macroscopic traffic model to demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques for reduction of the computational load when considering multiple input variations. Demonstration of their efficiency in traffic modelling is expected to lead to a wider application of the methods in practice.     

Effect of a speed reduction of containerships in response to higher energy costs in Sulphur Emission Control Areas

The objective of this paper is to explore the possible consequences of the future low-sulphur fuel requirements in Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECA) on vessel speed, from the standpoint of the container shipping industry. Rational energy use, speed reduction, and revenues are closely related in the container shipping sector because speed reductions may provide substantial energy and cost savings. The operators could consider reducing their speed in SECA in order to save on fuel that will become relatively expensive. However, to maintain a weekly frequency without adding new ships, such a behaviour implies that the required speed at sea outside the SECA area increases. This paper aims to investigate if such a difference in speed is cost-effective, and if the increase in speed outside SECA may result in an increase in CO₂ emissions of the total cycle. We propose a cost model that estimates the cost-minimising combination of speeds inside and outside SECA, and the resulting CO₂ emissions of the liner service. Applying this model to representative liner services serving North Europe, we find that differentiating speed accordingly slightly decreases total costs and increases CO₂ emissions in a similar way. The results are sensitive to the price of low-sulphur fuels, the part of the cycle in SECA and the number of ships deployed in the service.     

济南市轨道交通规划建设的思考

通过对济南市概况的介绍，引出建设轨道交通的必要性，以济南轨道交通建设规划图为例，提出了济南市轨道交通规划建设的建议与思考，特别提出了泉水保护与轨道交通建设的关系，线路交叉结点的无缝换乘问题及高架线路的隔音降噪问题，可为济南市轨道交通建设提供一定的借鉴。     

基于占道施工的交通影响分析阈值确定方法研究

针对日益严重的占道施工问题,从建立占道施工交通影响分析阈值的思路出发,确定阈值的指标形式及其计算方法,并在充分考虑各施工路段的交通状况差异性的基础上,给出各施工路段阈值的计算方法及其判定流程,最后进行案例分析。研究成果对于占道施工交通影响分析阈值的建立有指导意义。     

Airline ambidextrous competition under an emissions trading scheme – A reference-dependent behavioral perspective

This study presents a reference-dependent Hotelling model for analyzing airline competition in pricing and green transportation investment, as well as the resulting financial performance under the European Union emission trading scheme. One feature of the proposed methodology is that it embeds psychological benefits/costs of consumers to characterize consumer attitudes to the increases in airline fare adjustments and improvements in green transportation. This study then investigates the equilibrium solutions for airfare adjustment and green transportation investment margins in different scenarios. The analytical results reveal specific operational conditions under which a cost-efficient airline can gain supreme competitive advantage by increasing both airfare and green transportation investment margins beyond the increases made by competitors under the emission trading scheme, whereas certain specific conditions may favor a cost leadership strategy. Conversely, a cost-inefficient airline can compete with a cost-efficient airline in both market share and profitability using the green transportation investment-differentiation strategy, particularly when consumers perceive the airfare difference as equaling the increased psychological benefit induced by the airline’s green effort.     

Minimum acceptable time for turning off idling engines: Evidence from Taiwan

This paper examines the influence of different factors on motorist willingness to comply with idling stop regulations, as determined using stated preference analysis. Motorists were surveyed at urban roadsides in Taiwan, and the results obtained were analyzed using a partially adaptive model. The analysis showed that the standing time and turnoff idling engine while parking are both significant variables, and arise from risk aversion behavior. Environmental perceptions and convenience of use are the most influential factors, according to elasticity analysis. The study also verifies that a partially adaptive model is an appropriate model to consider censored data in a Triple-Bounded Dichotomous Choice analysis. These results will be useful as a reference for improving implementation of idling reduction regulations.     

The possible designation of the Mediterranean Sea as a SECA: A case study

In view of the ongoing discussions concerning the possible designation of the Mediterranean Sea as a Sulphur Emission Control Area (SECA), a modal split model was applied to a case involving the transportation of consolidated cargoes between Thessaloniki, Greece and industrial hubs of northern Germany. A road-only option was assessed against a combined-transport route involving a ferry (Greece–Italy) and a truck-on-train (Italy–Austria) service. The logit model used considers two variables as determinants of the modal selection: transport cost and time. The data are derived from interviews with a small transport service provider, typical for Greece, and are based on actual trips made (revealed preferences). The results predict that the designation of the Mediterranean as a SECA will cause a modal shift in favour of the road-only route by 5.2%, which under certain assumptions can reach 17.1%. However, the environmental implications of the resulting modal choices, calculated through the EcoTransIT World web based tool, are positive in relation to all emissions examined. This is attributed to the longer distance of the combined-transport option in comparison to the road-only one and, the poor environmental performance of the Ro-Pax vessels basically due to the need to maintain a relatively high speed.