基于仿生学的高速列车减阻机理数值模拟

鲨鱼皮的盾鳞形沟槽形状是鲨鱼保持高速前行的关键。将鲨鱼皮表面沟槽结构应用到高速列车领域,采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟了盾鳞形沟槽表面对流动阻力的影响,根据模拟结果计算阻力损失系数,并与光滑表面阻力损失系数进行对比分析,得到不同雷诺数下的沟槽表面减阻能力。根据盾鳞形沟槽表面内流线图分析了沟槽的减阻机理。     

广州地铁盾构隧道建设期碳排放强度与减排潜力研究

为合理量化地铁盾构隧道建设的碳排放水平并测度其减排潜力，采用LCA方法开展地铁盾构隧道建设阶段碳排放评价工作，并结合实际工程数据进行碳排放强度和水平量化分析； 同时，基于情景分析法从推广绿色建材及清洁能源等角度探究其减碳潜力。研究结果表明： 单环预制管片碳排放强度约为7.1 tCO2e/环，而单位地铁盾构隧道建设碳排放强度约为1.1万tCO2e/km； 其中，建材及预制管片生产、运输及盾构施工和安装等过程占比分别为72.7%、1.9%和25.4%。若通过提高再生建材和优化能源结构，年均碳排放量下降约6%，但碳排放量累积可达约13 MtCO2e（2022—2035年），与2020年全国城市轨道交通运营排放基本持平。     

铁路路基病害无损检测车载探地雷达系统研制及应用

针对铁路路基病害进行快速、无损、连续检测的需求,根据探地雷达探测原理,研制铁路路基病害无损检测车载探地雷达系统。该系统由轨道车、收发一体天线、采集仪、电池和测量轮组成。轨道车速为40km.h-1时,可沿铁路走向实现间隔0.17 m的连续采样测量。车速越慢,横向测量间隔越小,探测分辨率越高。选用500 MHz天线进行探测时,深度方向探测分辨率可达0.1 m。利用研制的雷达系统沿铁路走向在轨枕正上方和路肩区的现场检测结果表明:来自钢轨的连续反射信号和轨枕的多次反射信号,压制路基基床的有效反射信号,使探测剖面信噪比大大降低,但经预测反褶积和带通滤波去噪处理后,剖面信噪比明显提高。对胶济铁路病害区的实测结果表明,该系统对路基病害分布和空间形态具有良好的探测能力。     

环抱式港区建设期泥沙回淤数值模拟研究

在淤泥质海岸建港,泥沙回淤是必须考虑的首要问题。文中应用波流共同作用下的大范围泥沙数学模型,模拟计算了连云港港徐圩港区建设期不同布置方案下的泥沙回淤情况。研究结果表明：徐圩港区在建设期的回淤中,内航道所占比重较大,主要与港区水域面积有关。因此,在环抱式港区的建设过程中,应尽可能早地实施港区内的规划围垦项目,以达到防淤减淤的目的。     

基于缩减自由度的状态空间法计算伸缩全回转推进器轴系扭振

根据拉格朗日方程法,给出自由度缩减原理,将具有一个转动自由度的半正定系统缩减一个自由度,转化成正定系统,刚度矩阵不再奇异,采用状态空间法求解系统在时域上的强迫振动响应,其角位移结果能够直观的反映出系统的振动特性,对结果进行比对分析。     

Resistance analysis of unsymmetrical trimaran model with outboard sidehulls configuration

The application of multi-hull ship or trimaran vessel as a mode of transports in both river and sea environments have grown rapidly in recent years.Trimaran vessels are currently of interest for many new high speed ship projects due to the high levels of hydrodynamic efficiency that can be achieved,compared to the mono-hull and catamaran hull forms.The purpose of this study is to identify the possible effects of using an unsymmetrical trimaran ship model with configuration（S/L） 0.1-0.3 and R/L=0.1-0.2.Unsymmetrical trimaran ship model with main dimensions： L=2000mm,B=200 mm and T=45 mm.Experimental methods（towing tank） were performed in the study using speed variations at Froude number 0.1-0.6.The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted.The ship model resistance was measured precisely by using a load cell transducer.The comparison of ship resistance for each configuration with mono-hull was shown on the graph as a function of the total resistance coefficient and Froude number.The test results found that the effective drag reduction could be achieved up to 17% at Fr=0.35 with configuration S/L=0.1.     

强度折减法在公路高边坡稳定性分析中的应用

边坡稳定性分析是公路工程的一个重要领域,目前工程中常用的方法为极限平衡法,而学术研究领域内则使用数值模拟法的频率较高。运用有限元强度折减法,结合数值软件ABAQUS强大的非线性分析功能,对某公路高边坡进行了稳定性分析。由于折减系数与传统极限平衡法中的安全系数有着相同的意义,因而可进行对比分析,结合两者的优点,实现对工程更加有效的指导。     

基于强度折减法的均质高边坡稳定性分析

通过建立有限差分数值模型,采用强度折减法对临离高速公路均质高边坡稳定性进行了系统分析。将强度折减法计算得到的边坡安全系数与传统的有限单元应力法计算结果进行对比,结果表明:两者安全系数基本相同,从而验证了该计算方法的合理性。最后,分析了粘聚力、内摩擦角以及剪胀角等重要参数对边坡安全系数的影响。     

道路改扩建条件下石砌拱涵稳定性研究

为研究张家口原公路改扩建为高速公路过程中,填土高度增加情况下石砌拱涵稳定性,采用有限差分数值计算方法,分析了不同填土高度情况下的拱涵－地基应力的变化规律。根据拱涵砌体的抗拉强度和抗压强度,建立砌体的等效粘聚力和内摩擦角,从而分析结构的安全系数。计算结果表明:结构体系的破坏主要源于地基的失稳,拱涵本身具有较高的安全系数。     

Application of conservative surrogate to reliability based vehicle design for crashworthiness

Surrogate models are commonly used for approximation of large computationally expensive vehicle crash simulation to facilitate rapid design space exploration and optimization. Unfortunately, the optimum design based on surrogates may turn out to be infeasible after running finite element crash simulation due to the surrogate errors. To meet this challenge, conservative strategy of surrogate modeling through compensating fitting errors was used for reliability based design optimization of vehicle structures for crashworthiness and weight reduction. The critical crash responses were constructed by unbiased kriging models, and conservative surrogates were obtained via adding safety margin to estimate the crash responses conservatively. The benefits of using conservative surrogates for reliability based design optimization were investigated in the context of constraint feasibility of the optimum designs through a mathematical example and a case study on vehicle crashworthiness design. The results demonstrate that optimization based on conservative surrogate helps to achieve the feasible optimum design, showing more attractive for reliability based design optimization in engineering applications.