全文获取类型
收费全文 | 395篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
专业分类
公路运输 | 141篇 |
综合类 | 28篇 |
水路运输 | 76篇 |
铁路运输 | 58篇 |
综合运输 | 109篇 |
出版年
2025年 | 2篇 |
2024年 | 15篇 |
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 25篇 |
2021年 | 16篇 |
2020年 | 25篇 |
2019年 | 14篇 |
2018年 | 28篇 |
2017年 | 20篇 |
2016年 | 20篇 |
2015年 | 25篇 |
2014年 | 31篇 |
2013年 | 22篇 |
2012年 | 22篇 |
2011年 | 18篇 |
2010年 | 13篇 |
2009年 | 16篇 |
2008年 | 11篇 |
2007年 | 19篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 11篇 |
2004年 | 14篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有412条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
随着中国“双碳”目标的持续推进以及第四阶段油耗法规限值的即将实施,重卡领域的节能减排已是刻不容缓,由于混合动力技术拥有出色的降碳排和降油耗能力,因此,成为重卡满足该法规要求的重要途径。文章着重分析了混合动力重卡构型的分类及特点、应用场景、应用现状及未来趋势。经分析表明,混动重卡构型主要分为串联式、并联式、混联式三种,混动重卡需要根据运行工况及应用场景的不同,灵活匹配不同混动构型。目前串联、并联、混联构型已在不同场景下得到市场应用,其中 P2 并联构型是主流应用构型,未来重卡混动构型将向多元化发展,而高效集成专用混动总成将是重卡混动构型未来发展的重点。 相似文献
83.
在给定列车站间运行时分的前提下,以能耗和时间成本最小为优化目标,以列车牵引力、制动力和速度为约束函数,建立基于列车受力特征函数的运动方程.运用动态规划法和二分法,通过回溯计算,建立回溯记录表和调整目标函数价值关系系数,设计列车离线最优节能操纵和正点运行在线调整的控制算法.算例分析以及与基于极大值原理的正点节能方案对比结果表明,给出的算法不仅可以获得与传统算法相似的离线最优节能操纵方案,而且可以对外界干扰做出动态响应,在线调整运行轨迹,在保证正点的前提下控制列车节能运行. 相似文献
84.
85.
爆炸载荷作用下舰船板架的变形与破损 总被引:35,自引:6,他引:35
本文用能量法推导了一个计算爆炸载荷作用下舰船板架塑性变形及破损的公式,考虑了大变形时的应变关系及中面膜力的影响,并对国内外的有关试验进行了计算比较,结果表明此公式具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
86.
This paper estimates the traffic volume and travel time effects of the road congestion pricing implemented on the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. I employ both difference-in-differences and regression discontinuity approaches to analyze previously unexploited data for the two years spanning the price change and obtain causal estimates of the hourly average treatment effects of the policy. I find evidence of peak spreading in traffic volume and decreases in travel time during peak hours. I also find suggestive evidence of substitution to a nearby bridge and decreases in travel time variability. In addition, I calculate own- and cross-price elasticities. 相似文献
87.
Electric vehicles (EVs) are promising alternative to conventional vehicles, due to their low fuel cost and low emissions. As a subset of EVs, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) backup batteries with combustion engines, and thus have a longer traveling range than battery electric vehicles (BEVs). However, the energy cost of a PHEV is higher than a BEV because the gasoline price is higher than the electricity price. Hence, choosing a route with more charging opportunities may result in less fuel cost than the shortest route. Different with the traditional shortest-path and shortest-time routing methods, we propose a new routing choice with the lowest fuel cost for PHEV drivers. Existing algorithms for gasoline vehicles cannot be applied because they never considered the regenerative braking which may result in negative energy consumption on some road segments. Existing algorithms for BEVs are not competent too because PHEVs have two power sources. Thus, even if along the same route, different options of power source will lead to different energy consumption. This paper proposes a cost-optimal algorithm (COA) to deal with the challenges. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using real-world maps and data. The results show that there is a trade-off between traveling cost and time consumed when driving PHEVs. It is also observed that the average detour rate caused by COA is less than 14%. Significantly, the algorithm averagely saves more than 48% energy cost compared to the shortest-time routing. 相似文献
88.
Freight transportation by truck, train, and ship accounts for 5% of the United States’ annual energy consumption (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2017a). Much of this freight is transported in shipping containers. Lightweighting containers is an unexplored strategy to decrease energy and GHG emissions. We evaluate life cycle fuel savings and environmental performance of lightweighting scenarios applied to a forty-foot (12.2 meters) container transported by ship, train, and truck. Use phase burdens for both conventional and lightweighted containers (steel reduction, substitution with aluminum, or substitution with high tensile steel) were compared to life cycle burdens. The study scope ranged from the transportation of one container 100 km to the lifetime movement of the global container fleet on ships. Case studies demonstrated the impact of lightweighting on typical multimodal freight deliveries to the United States. GREET 1 and 2 (Argonne National Laboratory, 2016a,b) were used to estimate the total fuel cycle burdens associated with use phase fuel consumption. Fuel consumption was determined using modal Fuel Reduction Values (FRV), which relate mass reduction to fuel reduction. A lifetime reduction of 21% in the fuel required to transport a container, and 1.4% in the total fuel required to move the vehicles, cargo, and containers can be achieved. It was determined that a 10% reduction in mass of the system will result in a fuel reduction ranging from 2% to 8.4%, depending on the mode. Globally, container lightweighting can reduce energy demand by 3.6 EJ and GHG emissions by 300 million tonnes CO2e over a 15-year lifetime. 相似文献
89.
This paper evaluates the impacts on energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the introduction of electric vehicles into a smart grid, as a case study. The AVL Cruise software was used to simulate two vehicles, one electric and the other engine-powered, both operating under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), in order to calculate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, fuel consumption and energy efficiency. Available carbon dioxide data from electric power generation in Brazil were used for comparison with the simulated results. In addition, scenarios of gradual introduction of electric vehicles in a taxi fleet operating with a smart grid system in Sete Lagoas city, MG, Brazil, were made to evaluate their impacts. The results demonstrate that CO2 emissions from the electric vehicle fleet can be from 10 to 26 times lower than that of the engine-powered vehicle fleet. In addition, the scenarios indicate that even with high factors of CO2 emissions from energy generation, significant reductions of annual emissions are obtained with the introduction of electric vehicles in the fleet. 相似文献
90.
This study investigates the energy consumption impact of route selection on battery electric vehicles (BEVs) using empirical second-by-second Global Positioning System (GPS) commute data and traffic micro-simulation data. Drivers typically choose routes that reduce travel time and therefore travel cost. However, BEVs’ limited driving range makes energy efficient route selection of particular concern to BEV drivers. In addition, BEVs’ regenerative braking systems allow for the recovery of energy while braking, which is affected by route choices. State-of-the-art BEV energy consumption models consider a simplified constant regenerative braking energy efficiency or average speed dependent regenerative braking factors. To overcome these limitations, this study adopted a microscopic BEV energy consumption model, which captures the effect of transient behavior on BEV energy consumption and recovery while braking in a congested network. The study found that BEVs and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) had different fuel/energy-optimized traffic assignments, suggesting that different routings be recommended for electric vehicles. For the specific case study, simulation results indicate that a faster route could actually increase BEV energy consumption, and that significant energy savings were observed when BEVs utilized a longer travel time route because energy is regenerated. Finally, the study found that regenerated energy was greatly affected by facility types and congestion levels and also BEVs’ energy efficiency could be significantly influenced by regenerated energy. 相似文献