基于熵权法的旅游公路景观评价指标权重研究

公路景观评价是衡量公路工程对环境影响程度的标准。文章使用熵权法来研究旅游公路景观综合评价中各指标的重要性,建立了评价指标体系和熵权模型,并针对公路景观构成要素设计指标的重要性进行问卷调查计算分析。结果表明,沿线生态环境类指标是旅游公路评价中最重要的指标,其次是公路设计要素类指标,最后是路域文化景观类指标。     

Classifying the purpose of stopped truck events: An application of entropy to GPS data

This paper applies the concept of entropy to mine large volumes of global positioning system (GPS) data in order to determine the purpose of stopped truck events. Typical GPS data does not provide detailed activity information for a given stop or vehicle movement. We categorize stop events into two types: (1) primary stops where goods are transferred and (2) secondary stops where vehicle and driver needs are met, such as rest stations. The proposed entropy technique measures the diversity of truck carriers with trucks that dwell for 15 min or longer at a given location. Larger entropy arises from a greater variety of carriers and an even distribution of stop events among these carriers. An analysis confirms our initial hypothesis that the stop locations used for secondary purposes such as fuel refills and rest breaks tend to have higher entropy, reflecting the diversity of trucks and carriers that use these facilities. Conversely, primary shipping depots and other locations where goods are transferred tend to have lower entropy due to the lower variety of carriers that utilize such locations.     

Evaluating the assumption of independent turning probabilities

Several urban traffic models make the convenient assumption that turning probabilities are independent, meaning that the probability of turning right (or left or going straight through) at the downstream intersection is the same for all travelers on that roadway, regardless of their origin or destination. In reality most travelers make turns according to planned routes from origins to destinations. The research reported here identifies and quantifies the deviations that result from this assumption of independent turning probabilities.An analysis of this type requires a set of reasonably realistic “original” route flows, which were obtained by a static user-equilibrium traffic assignment and an entropy maximization condition for most likely route flows. These flows are compared with those route flows resulting from the Assumption of Independent Turning Probabilities (ITP). A small subnetwork of 3 km by 5 km in Tucson, Arizona, was chosen as a case study. An overall “typical ratio” of 2.2 between original route flows and ITP route flows was obtained. Aggregating route flows to origin–destination flows led to an overall “typical ratio” of 1.7. Such deviations are particularly high for routes that go back-and-forth, reaching a ratio of more than 3 in certain time periods. Substantial deviations for origins and destinations that are on the same border of the subnetwork are also observed in the analyses. In addition, under the ITP assumption, morning rush hour traffic peaking is the same in all directions, while in the original flows some directions do not exhibit a peak in the morning rush hour period. Overall, the conclusion of the paper is that the assumption of independent turning probabilities leads to substantial deviations both at the route level and at the origin–destination level, even for such a small network of the case study. These deviations are particularly detrimental when a network is being modeled and studied for route-based measures of effectiveness such as the number and types of routes passing a point – for monitoring specified vehicles and/or managing detouring strategies.     

拖网渔船避碰行为的不确定性分析

通过对交叉相遇局面中单拖网渔船避碰行为的实际调查，应用信息熵理论，建立了避碰行为的不确定性模型。借助对交叉相遇局面中的让路船在不同距离、不同DCPA时采取避碰行动的不确定性分析，为相应局面中的船舶避碰决策提供参考。     

Multicriteria Evaluation of High-speed Rail,Transrapid Maglev and Air Passenger Transport in Europe

This article deals with a multicriteria evaluation of High-Speed Rail, Transrapid Maglev and Air Passenger Transport in Europe. Operational, socio-economic and environmental performance indicators of the specific high-speed transport systems are adopted as the evaluation criteria. By using the entropy method, weights are assigned to particular criteria in order to indicate their relative importance in decision-making. The TOPSIS method is applied to carry out the multicriteria evaluation and selection of the preferable alternative (high-speed system) under given circumstances.     

汽车制造业战略供应商评价方法——基于熵权-G1的多层次综合评价法

在供应链协同环境下,当前整车企业的战略供应评价指标体系尚欠合理,评价方法不够科学,亟待改进。从战略合作伙伴关系的角度出发构建汽车制造业战略供应商评价指标体系,利用客观赋权的熵值法和主观赋权的G1法对评价指标进行组合赋权,建立多层次集成赋值的综合评价模型。结合整车企业进行的实证研究表明,理论分析与实际情况相吻合。基于熵权G1的多层次综合评价法是汽车制造业战略供应商评价的有效方法。     

物流发展影响因子的灰关联熵分析

在物流业起步阶段,对物流发展的主要影响因子进行深入分析和探讨有非常重要的指导意义。物流系统属于灰色系统,本文提出用灰关联熵分析的方法来考察物流发展的主要影响因子。以物流系统的映射量———全社会货运量作为参考列,社会经济其他系统的映射量作为比较列;计算各比较列与参考列的灰关联熵和熵关联度;比较它们的大小并排序,从而确定物流发展的主要影响因子。该方法客观、定量,克服了目前人们以主观、定性分析为主的缺点,结果合理,可信度较高。并举例说明了该方法的应用。     

公路站场规划布局方案综合评价方法研究

确定了合理的评价指标体系,并在此基础上采用熵值法和广义效用函数法相结合的方法对站场规划方案进行综合评价。在评价过程中,首先采取极值处理法对各个评价指标的计算结果进行规范化处理,其次利用熵值法科学的确定各评价指标的权重,通过广义效用函数计算各方案的广义效用函数值,从而对站场规划进行多方案的综合评价。最后以浙江省东阳市的站场规划布局为例,介绍了该方法的应用过程。     

交叉相遇局面中船舶避碰行动的不确定性

通过对船员避碰行动调查,根据信息熵理论研究评价了在交叉相遇局面中让路船舶两船间初始ＤＣＰＡ和距离采取避碰行动种类的不确定性,并与在接近对遇局面的相应情况进行了比较,为处于相应局面船舶的避碰决策提供参考。     

基于TOPSIS法的自行车停车场布局应用研究——南京鼓楼地铁站实例分析

现代交通设施布局选址过程中,越来越多的面临着多属性多方案优先级排序、在多备选方案中选取最优方案等问题。本文将多目标决策分析法-TOPSIS法应用到自行车停车场布局选址研究中,采用熵权系数法进行决策指标权重的计算,避免了传统方法中主观性强等弊端;并且针对南京鼓楼地铁站确定合理的自行车停车场选址决策指标,基于TOPSIs法完成鼓楼站自行车停车场选址的理论研究;最后通过对鼓楼地铁站的实地调研,进行了详尽分析,对理论上获得的自行车停车场选址结果进行分析检验,验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。