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随着城市中心商业区的快速发展,其造成的城市交通拥堵已经成为影响居民出行和城市发展的严重障碍.本文以城市中心商业区的混合交通流为研究对象,建立了基于动态分配的交通流诱导优化模型.首先,基于总体费用函数的路径选择概率对城市中心商业区的交通流进行动态交通分配.然后,根据分配结果确定拥堵路段,据此给出不同交通诱导措施,再应用所建模型选择最佳方案.最后,采用VISSIM交通仿真软件,对天津市滨江道商业区的混合交通流进行动态仿真,并针对不同的交通诱导措施,应用所建模型对诱导方案进行仿真和评价,确定最优方案,从而有效地减少交通拥堵.     

A Modeling Framework for Bus Rapid Transit Operations Evaluation and Service Planning

Abstract

In this paper, we present a dynamic traffic assignment-simulation modeling framework (DYNASMART-P) to support the evaluation and planning of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) services in urban transportation networks. The model represents the different characteristics associated with BRT operations such as: exclusive right-of-way lanes, limited-stop service, signal prioritization at congested intersections, and enhanced bus stops to reduce passenger boarding times. A set of simulation experiments is conducted using the model to study the impact of introducing a hypothetical BRT service in the Knoxville area in the State of Tennessee. In these experiments, the different operational characteristics of BRT are evaluated in terms of potential impact on transit ridership and on the interacting auto traffic. The results illustrate the advantages of BRT for increasing transit ridership and improving overall system performance.     

基于锥形流量延误函数的公交行程时间模型

针对交通规划软件常用的BPR公交流量延误函数在饱和度接近或大于1时,计算值与实际值相差急剧增大的不足,提出一种锥形流量延误函数,并分析了其对公交行程时间的影响,进而通过等式关系实现模型在交通仿真软件EMME/3中的实用化.相关的案例分析显示,在公交行程时间拟合方面,锥形流量延误模型较传统的BPR曲线模型误差均值降低5.57％,误差的波动降低50.60％,效果显著.     

基于GP算法的城市轨道交通客流分配问题研究

城市轨道交通客流分配问题是城市轨道交通规划领域的重点,也是城市轨道交通运营管理和列车开行方案的基础。结合城市轨道交通系统的基本特性,考虑客流在站点的停车时间和换乘时间费用,以及拥挤导致乘客无法上车的现象,建立包括延误时间在内的客流出行费用函数,构建城市轨道交通均衡配流模型,针对经典的FrankWolfe算法难以给出有效路径解的不足,提出基于路径配流的改进GP算法。最后,通过算例验证模型和算法的有效性。     

CDM机制下基于多航站楼运行模式的机场停机位实时分配算法

将多航站楼资源共享和航空公司时隙可互换作为前提,建立多方（机场、航空公司和旅客）最小延误费用原则,采用混合集合规划（MSP）进行建模与求解.该模型不仅能保证多航站楼停机位资源的有效共享,而且能充分优化油耗成本以及航班波扰动引起的旅客中转等待成本.实例表明,文中所提出的指派算法能有效地解决多航站楼模式下的机位实时分配问题.     

博弈论视角下的交通分配系统最优与用户均衡的探讨

为了更好地解释系统最优与用户均衡两种交通分配方法间的定量关系,透过博弈论的视角,通过对算例的非合作博弈分析,从无限策略集下纯策略Nash均衡的角度指出了系统最优与用户均衡的统一性,二者作为Nash均衡的两种特殊状态,可以随博弈局中人数的变化而相互转化.同时,还对系统最优与用户均衡的转化过程进行分析,阐述其两阶段特征及对实际分配状态的影响,并通过在多场景中调整路阻函数的各项参数,指出路径的自由流走行时间作为＂初期优势＂,对转化速度和方向具有关键性影响.     

基于旅客步行距离的停机位均衡优化指派建模

针对机场停机位指派问题,从旅客服务质量角度出发,以缩短机场旅客步行总距离和均衡各航空公司的旅客平均步行距离为目标,建立停机位指派优化模型.采用Lingo软件对国内某大型机场的停机位指派进行仿真验证.结果表明：旅客步行总距离会影响航空公司间公平性;与随机指派相比较,该模型能同时缩短旅客步行总距离和提高航空公司公平性.     

A simulation framework for evaluating airport gate assignments

There are many factors that affect gate assignments in an airport's operations. These factors include static gate assignments, stochastic flight delays and real-time gate assignments. Most research on gate assignments in the past has laid stress on improving the performance of static gate assignments. None has analyzed the interrelationship between static gate assignments and real-time gate assignments as affected by the stochastic flight delays that occur in real operations. In addition, none has designed flexible buffer times for static gate assignments to effectively absorb stochastic delays in real-time gate assignments. This research proposes a simulation framework, that is not only able to analyze the effects of stochastic flight delays on static gate assignments, but can also evaluate flexible buffer times and real-time gate assignment rules. Finally, a simulation based on Chiang Kai-Shek airport operations is performed to evaluate the simulation framework.