Book review

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING, by Jason C. Yu. Elsevier North Holland, New York, 1982. 462 pp. ($32.50 U.S. and Canada, $55.75 elsewhere)

FUNDAMENTALS OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERING, 10th Edition by W. S. Hombur‐ger and James H. Kell. University of California, Institute of Transportation Studies, 1981.

DECISION THEORY AND INCOMPLETE KNOWLEDGE, by Z. W. Kmietowicz and A. D. Pearman. Gower Publishing Co., Aldershot, England, pp. 121. (£12.50)

URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, by Vukan R. Vuchic. Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1981. 673 pp. (£27.20)

AUTOS, TRANSIT AND CITIES, by John R. Meyer and Jose A. Gomez‐Ibanez. Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass., 1981. 359 pp. ($20.00)

PUBLICITY AND CUSTOMER RELATIONS IN TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT, by David W. Wragg. Gower. 144 pp. (£12.50 case)     

Parameterisation of clastic sediments including benthic structures

The sediment transport processes in the south-western Baltic Sea are predicted by means of a numerical model in the project DYNAS. There are two sediment parameters that influence the results of modelling remarkably: critical shear stress velocity and bottom roughness. This paper presents the way how to parameterise these factors and extrapolate them into the investigation area. The critical shear stress velocity is parameterised basing on grain size data, combining approximations after Hjulström [Hjulström, F., 1935: Studies in the morphological activity of rivers as illustrated by the river Fyris. Geological Institution of University of Uppsala: Bulletin (25): 221–528.], Shields [Shields, A., 1936: Anwendung der Ähnlichkeits-Mechanik und der Turbulenzforschung auf die Geschiebebewegung. Mitteilungen der Preussischen Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau und Schiffahrt (26): 26 pp.] and Bohling [Bohling, B., 2003: Untersuchungen zur Mobilität natürlicher und anthropogener Sedimente in der Mecklenburger Bucht. unpublished doctoral thesis, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald/Germany, 156 pp.]. The roughness length, in the case of absence of macro zoo-benthos and their structures, is parameterised basing on grain size too employing Soulsby [Soulsby, R.L., 1997: Dynamics of Marine Sands: a Manual for Practical Applications. London, Thomas Telford Publications. 249 pp.], Nielsen [Nielsen, P., 1983: Analytical determination of nearshore wave height variation due to refraction shoaling and friction. Coastal Engineering 7, 233–251.] and Yalin [Yalin, M.S., 1977: Mechanics of Sediment Transport. Pergamon Press, New York. 298 pp.]. No equivalent simple parameterisations for biologically caused bed roughness exist. Here, findings of Friedrichs [Friedrichs, M., 2004: Flow-induced effects of macro zoo-benthic structures on the near-bed sediment transport. Dissertation, Universität Rostock, 80 S.] and estimations by the DYNAS biologists group were combined in order to derive roughness lengths from abundance measurements of four previously selected key species which represent the originators of the dominating benthic structures at the sea floor in the south-western Baltic Sea. Critical shear stress velocity and bed roughness are known at few sample sites only. They were extrapolated into the larger investigation area using a proxy-target concept. The mean near bottom milieu (bathymetry, median grain size, salinity, oxygen) which was derived using results from numerical modelling serves as the proxy. Since the milieu parameters are measured at the sampling sites for which the target parameters have been determined, a combined hierarchical and supervised classification was employed to transfer the local knowledge into the unknown investigation area.     

欧洲集装箱内河运输经验借鉴

随着全球和区域经济网络的形成和发展,内河集装箱运输得到了迅猛发展,人们日趋认识到内河集装箱运输在集装箱多式联运体系中的重要价值和未来持续增长的潜力。为此,以欧洲集装箱内河运输经验为借鉴,对集装箱内河运输模式进行了分析,内容包括:内河集装箱发展演变特点、给予政府层面的集装箱内河运输推进模式等,在此基础上,对我国的内河集装箱运输,提出了若干建议。     

我国与欧美日的汽车标准法规体系分析

研究国际汽车标准法规对我国汽车工业走向国际市场具有重要意义。本文通过对欧洲、美国、日本和我国汽车标准法规体系的介绍,从体系结构、技术水平和实施情况等方面进行对比分析。     

国内外中重型商用车排放法规演变及对比

对美国、欧洲、日本和我国中重型车(大于35吨)排放法规的演变进行了详细介绍,并对不同阶段法规的限值和具体实施时间进行了对比;最后还对世界上以欧盟汽车排放阀规体系为参照标准,并执行对应标准限值的主要国家中重型车不同阶段法规实施时间进行了对比.     

Computing 4D near-optimal trajectories for dynamic air traffic flow management with column generation and branch-and-price

Abstract

The current air traffic system faces recurrent saturation problems. Numerous studies are dedicated to this issue, including the present research on a new dynamic regulation filter holding frequent trajectory optimisations in a real-time sliding horizon loop process. We consider a trajectory optimisation problem arising in this context, where a feasible four-dimensional (4D) trajectory is to be built and assigned to each regulated flight to suppress sector overloads while minimising the cost of the chosen policy. We model this problem with a mixed integer linear programme and solve it with a branch-and-price approach. The pricing sub-problem looks for feasible trajectories in a dynamic three-dimensional (3D) network and is solved with a specific algorithm based on shortest path labelling algorithms and on dynamic programming. Each algorithm is tested on real-world data corresponding to a complete traffic day in the European air traffic system; experimental results, including computing times measurement, validate the solution process.     

Multicriteria Evaluation of High-speed Rail,Transrapid Maglev and Air Passenger Transport in Europe

This article deals with a multicriteria evaluation of High-Speed Rail, Transrapid Maglev and Air Passenger Transport in Europe. Operational, socio-economic and environmental performance indicators of the specific high-speed transport systems are adopted as the evaluation criteria. By using the entropy method, weights are assigned to particular criteria in order to indicate their relative importance in decision-making. The TOPSIS method is applied to carry out the multicriteria evaluation and selection of the preferable alternative (high-speed system) under given circumstances.     

Deregulating European aviation — A case study

European international scheduled aviation has been characterised by bans on market entry, price collusion, and capacity sharing. High fares were charged compared to world standards and the fares charged by European charter airlines.In May 1986 new entrants with pricing freedom were permitted on the London-Dublin route which was then the third largest in European scheduled international aviation. Prior to deregulation the route experienced high fare growth. The unrestricted fare ex-London increased 72.6 per cent compared to a Retail Price Index increase of 41.5 per cent. There was a growth in passenger numbers in the years 1980–85 of 2.8 per cent.Since deregulation passenger numbers have risen to 2.3 million compared to 994,000 before deregulation. Fares have declined by an estimated 37 per cent ex-Dublin and 42 per cent ex-London in real terms. There have been four cases of market entry and one of market exit. The estimated share of the new entrants in the second half of 1989 was 28 per cent. The preregulation earnings data of Aer Lingus, the market leader, indicated that protection allowed staff to earn economic rents. A two-tier structure was introduced in response to competition.Remaining barriers to contestability in UK/Ireland aviation include hub airport dominance, ground handling monopolies, and the ability of airlines with routes in both regulated and deregulated markets to engage in geographical price discrimination against airlines with routes in deregulated markets only. A pro-contestability aviation policy in Europe will require measures to prevent the abuse of dominant positions by established airlines over new market entrants and to prevent collusion between established airlines.     

欧洲全面推进全球铁路移动通信系统(GSM-R)建设

GSM-R提供GSM支持的所有业务,并且通过引入先进话音呼叫业务(ASCI)而具备铁路移动通信功能,如无线列调、编组调车通信、应急通信等,提供货运信息、车载旅客服务信息和其它增值服务等.针对GSM-R在欧洲铁路已经进入大规模商业化运作阶段的现状,介绍欧洲铁路推广GSM-R的背景,GSM-R的主要特性、在欧洲铁路的应用情况以及发展前景.