钻孔法检测残余预应力的有限元计算

用有限元法计算平板构件和预应力混凝土梁在钻孔前后的应力应变分布。结果表明,钻孔法检测预应力混凝土梁的残余预应力时,应变片的位置选择很重要;建议合理的贴片位置,并给出检测残余预应力时的修正系数。这一研究成果是钻孔法检测预应力混凝土梁残余预应力的基础,可以为该方法的工程应用提供参考。     

Book reviews

THE SEVENTH AUSTRALIAN TRANSPORT RESEARCH FORUM, by K. W. Ogden.

AIRLINE PLANNING: CORPORATE, FINANCIAL AND MARKETING by Nawal K. Taneja. Lexington, Mass., Lexington Books, 1982. 207 pp. (£19.50)

SOLVING LOCAL GOVERNMENT PROBLEMS: PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH IN CITIES AND REGIONS, by Charles E. Pinkus and Anne Dixson. George Allen and Unwin, London, 1981. (Hardback £20.00; paperback £8.95)

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, edited by N. K. Jaismal. Published by North‐Holland Publishing Company (U.S. $58.50)

TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING HANDBOOK (Second Edition), edited by W. S. Homburger, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1982. Prentice Hall, pp. 883.

ECONOMICS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT, by C. A. Nash. Longman, London, pp. 194. (£6.95).     

不同焊接顺序下加筋板变形及残余应力的三维有限元研究

针对焊接过程的二维有限元计算与实际情况存在一定差别的问题,使用三维热弹-塑性有限元法对不同焊接顺序下加筋板焊接过程进行了仿真,获得了加筋板焊接引起的温度场、位移场和应力场。结果表明：在4点约束条件下,加筋板横截面的变形为中垂变形,纵筋的变形为中拱变形,方案1横截面变形更小,方案2纵筋变形更小。焊接引起的加筋板残余应力主要表现为横向应力,其在近焊缝区为拉应力,达到材料屈服强度,远离焊缝区表现为压应力,达到0.2倍材料屈服强度。加强筋横向应力峰值出现在起弧端和收弧端,约为0.85倍材料屈服强度,纵向应力峰值出现在焊接起弧端,约为0.3倍材料屈服强度。在加筋板横截面位置,焊接顺序主要影响加强筋处的残余应力;在加强筋位置,焊接顺序主要影响纵向应力。每组焊缝同时同向焊接,且每根纵筋从左向右依次焊接的焊接方案产生更小的残余应力。     

含裂纹及腐蚀损伤FPSO结构剩余极限强度评估方法研究

裂纹及腐蚀损伤对于浮式生产储油卸油装置（FPSO）结构来说难以避免,这将削弱结构的极限强度,所以研究含裂纹及腐蚀损伤FPSO结构的剩余极限强度意义重大。目前针对裂纹及腐蚀损伤联合作用下FPSO结构剩余极限强度的研究相对欠缺,本文采用非线性有限元分析方法,研究了不同腐蚀及裂纹损伤组合形式下FPSO结构剩余极限强度的衰减规律。结果表明,腐蚀与裂纹损伤均导致极限强度线性衰减,并且腐蚀损伤对极限强度的影响远大于裂纹损伤。研究结果对FPSO结构的设计、维护与延寿具有一定的参考价值。     

疏浚清淤脱水工艺及工程应用进展

目前针对疏浚底泥的减量化与资源化技术研究成果颇多,工程应用却依然存在较多技术难题。针对疏浚技术成果工程化应用难的问题,对目前疏浚清淤工程常用的疏浚方法、底泥脱水工艺、絮凝药剂的选配以及后期的余水深度处理技术工程应用进展进行总结分析,指出研究成果工程化应用的难点,并对今后疏浚工程管理与研究提出建议：一方面,应加强内河湖库底泥污染基础调查及治理规划,完善和健全相关法律法规与技术标准;另一方面,应加强设备智能化与自动化研发,促进产学研合作,加强成果转化。     

弹塑性固有应变法在厚壁球面舱壁结构焊接中的应用

针对热弹塑性有限元法仅适用小规模焊接的弊端,采用弹塑性固有应变法对厚壁球面舱壁结构的焊接工艺进行模拟,并对球面舱壁结构的焊接工艺进行优化,最终给出球面舱壁结构合理的焊接工艺.在大型有限元软件ANSYS的基础上,通过开发的热弹塑性焊接计算程序得到单道焊缝焊接时的残余应变;通过残余应变等效,对球面舱壁的各焊缝处施加温度载荷;通过一次弹塑性有限元法得到厚壁球面舱壁结构的整体变形.通过开展不同焊接工艺下球面舱壁结构的焊接变形分析,给出厚壁球面舱壁结构合理的焊接工艺.     

Investigating heterogeneity in social influence by social distance in car-sharing decisions under uncertainty: A regret-minimizing hybrid choice model framework based on sequential stated adaptation experiments

The present study is designed to investigate social influence in car-sharing decisions under uncertainty. Social influence indicates that individuals’ decisions are influenced by the choices made by members of their social networks. An individual may experience different degrees of influence depending on social distance, i.e. the strength of the social relationship between individuals. Such heterogeneity in social influence has been largely ignored in the previous travel behavior research. The data used in this study stems from an egocentric social network survey, which measures the strength of the social relationships of each respondent. In addition, a sequential stated adaptation experiment was developed to capture more explicitly the effect of social network choices on the individual decision-making process. Social distance is regarded as a random latent variable. The estimated social distance and social network choices are incorporated into a social influence variable, which is treated as an explanatory variable in the car-sharing decision model. To simultaneously estimate latent social distance and the effects of social influence on the car-sharing decision, we expand the hybrid choice framework to incorporate the latent social distance model into discrete choice analysis. The estimation results show substantial social influence in car-sharing decisions. The magnitude of social influence varies according to the type of relationship, similarity of socio-demographics and the number of social interactions.     

一个新的基于LWR模型的中观交通流运动学模型

从控制体积的离散思想出发,利用有限元的加权余量方法,提出了一个新的中观交通流建模方法。并利用此思想建立了基于速度-密度关系宏观交通流LWR模型的中观交通流模型。研究了该中观模型的数值解法并且基于多分辨率仿真系统平台通过C＋＋实现了该算法,通过仿真案例对模型的物理特性、实际效果进行了评价,仿真结果表明：该中观模型的结果符合经典的流量、密度与速度曲线规律与实际场景应用情况。     

水火弯板残余变形预报的数值和量纲分析(英文)

Line heating process is a very complex phenomenon as a variety of factors affects the amount of residual deformations. Numerical thermal and mechanical analysis of line heating for prediction of residual deformation is time consuming. In the present work dimensional analysis has been presented to obtain a new relationship between input parameters and resulting residual deformations during line heating process. The temperature distribution and residual deformations for 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm thick steel plates were numerically estimated and compared with experimental and published results. Extensive data generated through a validated FE model were used to find co-relationship between the input parameters and the resulting residual deformation by multiple regression analysis. The results obtained from the deformation equations developed in this work compared well with those of the FE analysis with a drop in the computation time in the order of 100 (computational time required for FE analysis is around 7 200 second to 9 000 seconds and where the time required for getting the residual deformation by developed equations is only 60 to 90 seconds).     

均布交变载荷作用连续梁自动适应分析

分析了均布交变载荷作用下两跨连续梁的自动适应 ,求解了自动适应极限载荷 ,它是弹性极限载荷的 1 46倍 ,文中分析对多跨连续梁建立自动适应算法有参考价值