爆炸作用下钢绞线斜拉索破坏模式和剩余承载性能试验

为研究爆炸荷载作用下斜拉桥钢绞线斜拉索的破坏模式和剩余承载性能,开展了8根15.7-7钢绞线斜拉索试件的野外爆炸试验以及爆炸损伤钢绞线的静力轴向拉伸试验,得到了钢绞线斜拉索在接触爆炸及近距离爆炸作用下的破坏形态和损伤钢绞线的剩余承载力;并根据断丝数量和承载力损失定量比较了高密度聚乙烯护套(HDPE)、单层钢管护套(SST)、双层钢管护套(DST)以及泡沫铝夹层钢管护套(FAFST)4种不同防护措施的抗爆防护效果。研究结果表明：在接触/近距离爆炸作用下,钢绞线斜拉索的损伤破坏主要表现为正对爆炸作用区域部分钢丝断裂和局部横向变形;采用FAFST防护可以有效地改善钢绞线斜拉索的破坏程度,HDPE防护效果有限;相较于无防护的祼索,SST与DST防护反而加剧了斜拉索试件的损伤程度;爆炸损伤钢绞线的剩余承载力与剩余钢丝数量成正比。基于试验结果和回归分析方法,提出了爆炸损伤钢绞线斜拉索剩余承载力评估的实用公式,可以在爆炸灾害后根据钢绞线断丝破坏情况,快速评估斜拉索的剩余承载能力。     

Residual stress measurement in an extra thick multi-pass weld using initial stress integrated inherent strain method

Residual stresses existing in a multi-pass butt joint with a thickness of 70 mm, using a flux-cored arc welding process, were measured by an inherent strain method (ISM). Since such a thick plate before welding contains a large amount of initial residual stresses (−300 to +100 MPa), the initial stresses were integrated with conventional ISM in order to determine the total residual stresses in a welded joint. Two methods named as initial stress integrated ISM and initial inherent strain integrated ISM were suggested for the consideration of the initial stress distributions through the thickness of base plates. The results show that there is a significant difference between the integrated ISM with initial stresses or initial inherent strain and the conventional ISM without initial stresses. The residual stresses measured by any of the initial stress integrated ISM and initial inherent strain integrated ISM agreed well with the neutron diffraction measurement. Thus, the proposed initial stress integrated ISM is a proper destructive measurement method in the case of thick weld joints.     

船体结构火工矫正工艺热弹塑性分析

在对船体结构火工矫正工艺的温度场进行数值分析的基础上,进而对火工矫正工艺的热弹塑性进行了分析,并对板厚及加热速度对残余应力及变形的影响做了研讨.     

编组站动态配流模型与算法研究

如何从众多的解体方案中选择有利方案 ,这是编组站动态配流所要解决的核心问题。本文在文献 [3 ]的基础上 ,运用组合数学原理构造方案树 ,提出最大可能剩余量概念 ,导出计算公式 ,并以此作为方案值控制树的生长 ,进而利用回溯算法搜索有利方案。这样 ,本文连同文献 [2 ]、[3 ]一起 ,为配流问题的全面解决提供了完整的思路和具体的计算方法     

聚乙烯醇指示剂用于医院污水总余氯的测定

目的 探讨医院污水总余氯测定新指示剂的使用。方法 参考《铁道法规汇编》提供的方法，应用PVA(聚乙烯醇)作指示剂进行余氯测定。结果 对4组不同浓度的样品用淀粉和PVA作指示剂进行测定，浓度分别为7．39、9．51、5．56、12．47和7．43、9．47、5．54、12．51mg／L。结论 PVA(聚乙烯醇)作指示剂，精密度和准确度均满足要求，且稳定性优于淀粉指示剂，故可取代。     

确定焊接反变形的数值模拟及规律分析

焊接接头附近局部的加热及冷却使被焊结构产生残余应力及角变形.目前在船厂精度控制中,通常采用构件焊接后对某些部位进行火工校正的方法来控制残余角变形.文章提供了另外一种有效控制结构残余角变形的方法:对结构焊前施加弹性的反向变形.利用热弹塑性有限元法来模拟结构的焊接过程,并对不同板厚、不同热源的结构分别进行数值模拟,最终确定焊接结构的弹性反变形规律:焊接前施加弹性反变形的结构在焊接后角变形趋于零.     

Fatigue design for plug/ring type gas welded joints of sts301l including welding residual stresses

This paper presents a fatigue design method for plug and ring type gas welded joints, which incorporates welding residual stress effects. A non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) was first performed to simulate the gas welding process. The numerically predicted residual stresses of the gas welds were then compared to experimental results measured using a hole drilling method. In order to evaluate the fatigue strength of the plug and ring type gas welded joints, a stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R taling the welding residual stress of the gas weld into account was introduced and is based on a modified Goodman equation incorporating the effect of the residual stress. Using the stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R , the ΔP-N _f relations obtained from fatigue tests for plug and ring type gas welded joints having various dimensions and shapes were systematically rearranged into (σ _a ) _R -N _f relations. It was found that the proposed stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R could provide a systematic and reasonable fatigue design criterion for the plug and ring type gas welded joints.     

焊接工艺对不规则厚壁球台结构变形的影响

潜艇建造过程中,耐压壳体过渡环结构的焊接变形是潜艇性能的重要指标。为准确预测过渡环结构的焊接变形,基于ANSYS软件编写了焊接计算程序,对T型梁结构的焊接过程进行模拟,将数值计算结果与物理实验结果进行了对比。提出了厚壁结构焊接变形预测的固有应变弹塑性有限元方法,分析了不规则厚壁球台结构的焊接工艺,得到了不同焊接工艺时厚壁球台结构的焊接变形。通过多种焊接工艺的对比分析,找到了不规则厚壁球台结构的最佳焊接工艺。     

三体船阻力模型试验

介绍了高速排水型三体船模型静水阻力试验。在Froude数0.3-0.8范围内进行了系列试验，研究侧体位置对阻力的影响，详细分析了三体船各船体之间的兴波干扰、剩余阻力曲线特征和阻力成分。通过阻力换算，对三体船、双体船和单体船的有效功率进行了比较，结果显示出三体船在阻力性能方面的巨大潜力。     

基于支持向量机的船舶航向广义预测控制

船舶的动态性能具有大惯性、大时滞、非线性等特点,经采用基于结构风险最小化原则的神经网络--支持向量机,能充分发挥其可以任意逼近非线性模型的良好特性来对船舶进行辨识,并以此作为广义预测控制算法中的预测模型,加以相应的预测控制算法达到航向保持的目的.仿真结果表明:支持向量机学习速度快,在小样本情况下具有良好的非线性建模和泛化能力;基于支持向量机的广义预测控制算法具有很好的控制性能.