蒙特卡洛法评定测量不确定度的理解和应用

结合JJF 1059.2—2012《用蒙特卡洛法评定测量不确定度》和实际应用蒙特卡洛法(MCM)评定测量不确定度的经验,从测量不确定度评定的主要操作流程、测量模型要求、评定方法、GUM的不确定度验证、评定结果差异和评定结果应用等方面比较了MCM与GUM的差异,分析MCM中使用自适应法的客观性,并总结应用MCM评定测量不确定度的优势,有助于相关人员深入了解2种测量不确定度评定方法的要求,便于在实际工作中正确理解和掌握内容实质。     

基于虚拟流体方法数值模拟作用在水-弹性固体界面的强激波

文章对强激波与水—弹性固体界面的相互作用进行了数值模拟。基于欧拉方程和弹性动力学方程推导了一个用于处理流固界面的近似黎曼关系。耦合流体区域的欧拉网格和固体区域的拉格郎日网格,用水平集方法追踪流固界面的位置。并分别用五阶WENO和双特征线格式离散流体控制方程和固体控制方程及捕捉强激波在流体和固体中的传播。流固界面附近的网格节点用虚拟流体方法求解。文中还将数值结果和强激波作用在水—固壁界面,水—可压缩固体界面得到的结果进行了对比分析及验证。数值模拟结果也表明了推导的近似黎曼关系和虚拟流体方法可很好地适用于水—弹性固体耦合问题。     

基于混沌粒子群的增量式推力分配算法研究

针对伪逆法在推力分配中仅考虑能量最优问题,提出一种具备大范围寻优能力的改进混沌粒子群算法(CPSO),并把该方法和伪逆法相融合应用到船舶的推力分配中,此外为提高寻优能力,推力分配计算采用增量模式。该融合算法考虑推力器各种限制条件,计算简单,能兼顾船舶的能耗及操作性,解决奇点问题。仿真结果表明,该推力分配算法切实可行,能有效提高船舶的定位性能,具备一定的实用价值。     

一种用于特殊管路环境的粉尘采样系统

粉尘采样系统是环保部门和厂矿企业用于测定气体中含尘浓度的一种重要手段。本文根据国家相关标准设计出一种适用于高温高压高湿管路环境的采样系统,本系统根据实际管路环境的需要进行了改进,包括采样头、冷凝器、耐压储水罐以及质量流量控制器等设备。其耐压耐温,可分析管路中的水蒸气含量,并且可以对高浓度的粉尘含量进行分析,具有操作简便,易于控制,结果准确等优点。     

BIM技术在船闸三角闸门设计中的应用

针对传统结构设计的局限性,结合秦淮河洪蓝船闸工程,将BIM技术应用于三角闸门施工图设计,从协同设计、碰撞检查、可视化、工程量统计与出图4个方面介绍BIM技术的应用思路。研究表明:BIM技术有助于解决各专业之间协作深度不够、"错漏碰缺"频发、二维图纸不直观等问题,实现曲面异形空间结构的三维建模,达到优化设计、提高设计质量的目的。     

基于梁板结构的船舶系统可靠性分析及其优化

采用梁元和加筋板格元来模拟船舶空间结构,并建立相应的系统可靠性分析与优化模型。针对加筋板格可靠性分析中计算反向结点力向量时忽略加强筋影响而导致计算结果偏于保守的缺点,采用了完整加筋板格元的反向结点力向量和修正刚度矩阵,在此基础上采用分支限界法搜索系统主要失效模式并对其提出改进措施,保证了计算精度并提高了计算效率;运用界限搜索法求解模糊约束集的最优水平截集,进而求得系统可靠性约束下结构质量的模糊最优解,并与确定性优化设计结果对比,结果显示模糊优化模型具有更好的经济效益,可供工程借鉴使用。     

Long-term correlation structure of wave loads using simulation

This paper proposes a new method for combining the lifetime wave-induced sectional forces and moments that are acting on the ship structure. The method is based on load simulation and can be used to determine the exceedance probabilities of any linear and nonlinear long-term load combination. It can also be used to determine the long-term correlation structure between these loads in the form of the long-term correlation coefficients. They are essential part of the load combination procedures in design and strength evaluations as well as in the fatigue and reliability analysis of ship structures.The simulation method treats the non-stationary wave elevations during the ship’s entire life (long-term) as a sequence of different stationary Gaussian stochastic processes. It uses the rejection sampling technique for the sea state generation, depending on the ship’s current position and the season. Ship’s operational profile is then determined conditional on the current sea state and the ship’s position along its route. The sampling technique significantly reduces the number of sea state-operational profile combinations required for achieving the convergence of the long-term statistical properties of the loads. This technique can even be used in combination with the existing long-term methods in order to reduce the number of required weightings of the short-term CDFs. The simulation method does, however, rely on the assumption that the ship is a linear system, but no assumptions are needed regarding the short-term CDF of the load peaks.The load time series are simulated from the load spectra in each sea state, taking into account the effects of loading condition, heading, speed, seasonality, voluntary as well as involuntary speed reduction in severe sea states and the short-crested nature of the ocean waves. During the simulation procedure, special care has been given to maintaining the correct phase relation between all the loads. Therefore, time series of various load combinations, including the nonlinear ones, can be obtained and their correlation structure examined. The simulation time can be significantly reduced (to the order of minutes rather than hours and days) by introducing the seasonal variations of the ocean waves into a single voyage simulation. The estimate of the long-term correlation coefficient, obtained by simulating only a single voyage with the correct representation of seasonality, approaches the true correlation coefficient in probability. This method can be applied to any ship and any route, or multiple routes as long as the percentage of the ship’s total lifetime spent in each of them is known.A study has been conducted to investigate the effects of ship type, route and the longitudinal position of the loads on the values of the correlation coefficients between six different sectional loads; vertical, horizontal and twisting moments, as well as shear, horizontal and axial forces. Three ocean-going ship types have been considered; bulk carrier, containership and tanker, all navigating on one of the three busy ship routes; North America-Europe, Asia-North America and Asia-Europe. Finally, the correlation coefficient estimates have been calculated for five different positions along the ship’s length to investigate the longitudinal variation of the correlation coefficient.     

湿式喷凝土工法速凝剂的应用

喷凝土为新奥法重要支撑组件之一,传统喷凝土施工多采用干式喷凝土工法。干式喷凝土施工时会造成大量的粉尘,影响隧道内空气质量和施工人员健康,且喷浆机吐出量小,施工速度慢。湿式喷凝土施工时无粉尘弥漫的状况,加上配合机械臂,不但节省人力,而且吐出量大,大幅改善喷凝土施工速率。本文就湿式喷凝土工法施工中速凝剂的应用情形进行探讨,认为采用湿式喷凝土工法时,应努力推广采用水泥系速凝剂及粉状速凝剂送料机。     

急性中毒现场及特殊作业场所气体采样方法

为适宜急性中毒现场和特殊作用场所的气体采样而设计了导向采样法。该法以金属活塞三通为气体导向控制器,与采气管,连接管,抽气动力,样品收集器共同组成采样系统。导向采样法设计合理,经多年现场应用,操作简便安全,采集的气样准确可靠。为急性中毒原因调查及特殊作业场所劳动卫生学评价提供了可行的采样方法。     

公路隧道围岩塌方离散元模拟

以秦岭III号隧道为工程实例,根据围岩类别及围岩内地质构造发育状况,将断面划分为2 173个块体单元,采用离散单元法对该隧道的塌方过程进行了二维数值仿真模拟,得出了隧道顶部和侧壁块体的塌落距离、塌落轨迹及隧道塌方量,并得出了块体塌落过程中跟踪块体的合力曲线,反映了块体的运动过程。