河床护底工程水槽试验

通过不同的护底形式和结构方式对水流影响进行研究,比较不同形式和结构方式的优劣,寻找出经济合理的护底方案。     

Modelling navigation in muddy areas through captive model tests

Many access channels and harbours suffer from sedimentation and formation of mud layers. To keep navigation safe and economic, extensive maintenance dredging is needed. Until now, the required level of dredging has always been determined by making use of the physical characteristics of the mud layer, which does not necessarily result in efficient dredging. Ship behaviour also matters, and knowledge of ship manoeuvrability can help to redefine the level of dredging required. A mathematical model of manoeuvring for simulation purposes, based on a comprehensive series of captive model tests, is presented, along with a selection of results.     

多阶底部上的垂直可渗透结构斜海洋波的阻尼研究(英文)

Oblique ocean wave damping by a vertical porous structure placed on a multi-step bottom topography is studied with the help of linear water wave theory. Some portion of the oblique wave, incident on the porous structure, gets reflected by the multi-step bottom and the porous structure, and the rest propagates into the water medium following the porous structure. Two cases are considered: first a solid vertical wall placed at a finite distance from the porous structure in the water medium following the porous structure and then a special case of an unbounded water medium following the porous structure. In both cases, boundary value problems are set up in three different media, the first medium being water, the second medium being the porous structure consisting of p vertical regions-one above each step and the third medium being water again. By using the matching conditions along the virtualvertical boundaries, a system of linear equations is deduced. The behavior of the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave due to different relevant parameters are studied. Energy loss due to the propagation of oblique water wave through the porous structure is also carried out. The effects of various parameters, such as number of evanescent modes, porosity, friction factor, structure width, number of steps and angle of incidence, on the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted wave are studied graphically for both cases. Number of evanescent modes merely affects the scattering phenomenon. But higher values of porosity show relatively lower reflection than that for lower porosity. Oscillation in the reflection coefficient is observed for lower values of friction factor but it disappears with an increase in the value of friction factor. Amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave is independent of the porosity of the structure. But lower value of friction factor causes higher transmission. The investigation is then carried out for the second case, i.e., when the wall is absent. The significant difference between the two cases considered here is that the reflection due to a thin porous structure is very high when the solid wall exists as compared to the case when no wall is present. Energy loss due to different porosity, friction factor, structure width and angle of incidence is also examined. Validity of our model is ascertained by matching it with an available one.     

气泡高速艇波浪中阻力及纵向运动模型试验研究

在高速拖曳水池里,开展了气泡高速艇规则波中阻力及纵向运动模型试验,研究了气流量、艇型、艇底开槽等因素对气层减阻率及艇体纵向运动性能的影响。结果表明:艇底形式对波浪中的气层减阻率有重要影响。艇底设置断阶时,在短波中减阻率为5%,长波中的减阻率达20.5%;艇底开槽时,在试验波长范围内,减阻率可达30%左右;对本身具有良好喷溅抑制作用的艇型,艇底直接喷气减阻率为8%,且不受波长变化的影响。艇底气层对纵向运动性能影响较小,长波中还略有改善;艇底槽深主要影响不喷气时的阻力,对饱和喷气下的阻力影响甚微。     

船闸人字门结构响应分析及优化

基于人字闸门的结构形式及受力特点,考虑底枢承轴巢与蘑菇球头之间的非线性摩擦接触,建立三维有限元模型,模拟背拉杆预应力调试过程,分析背拉杆预应力对门体抗扭刚度的影响,对结构静态响应及动态特性进行定量评估,并提出优化方案。     

船体破损后外载荷与船体极限弯矩

基于船舶不沉性理论，运用符拉索夫抗沉性计算法确定船舶破损后浮态参数之后，作出波浪上船舶破损浮力曲线，继而计算了波浪弯矩和波浪剪力；并用非对称梁弯曲理论建立了破损模型，将外载荷与破口联系在一起研究了破损船舶极限弯矩，通过实例计算得出了预想结果。     

宁江松花江特大桥桩基承载力有限元分析

宁江松花江特大桥是大庆至广州高速公路吉林省松原境内的重要桥梁,由于当地的土质及桥梁的形式,其桩基承载力在设计过程中备受关注.桩穿过不同性质的土层将上部结构荷载传递给桩周和桩底土层,形成复杂的桩土共同作用系统.目前,研究荷载传递的方法有弹性理论法、有限元法和传递函数法等.通过有限元法,结合岩土体结构特征,分析宁江松花江特大桥上部荷载传递过程中应力及位移的变化,为桩侧摩阻力的取值奠定基础.     

30t轴重重载铁路基床K30控制标准探讨

山西中南部铁路通道是我国第1条按30t轴重设计的重载铁路。由于其路基基床压实控制指标目前尚没有成熟的技术标准可供采用,因此需通过实践进行探讨。通过简化计算对不同轴重条件下的路基基床应力进行了对比分析,并参考相关施工技术标准,结合工程实践提出了30t轴重重载铁路路基基床K30技术标准建议,为未来重载铁路设计及施工技术标准的制定提供参考。     

钝头列车加装底罩结构的减阻效果分析

为减少钝头列车的气动阻力,对车头圆顶、车体底罩、车间风挡的假想模型进行数值模拟计算。结果表明:钝头列车加装车体底罩及车头前部圆顶等结构,并以高于100km/h的速度运行时,减阻效果良好,行驶速度越高,减阻效果越明显。     

水中承台底模施工方案

以灵江大桥为例,对水中承台混凝土施工钢模板的设计计算和受力分析表明,组合钢模板能够满足施工要求．同时又能减少钢材的浪费,节约施工成本,还可为施工安全提供可靠的数据,保证施工安全。