碳纤维板在重载铁路低高度钢筋混凝土板梁体外预应力加固中的应用研究

迄今,预应力碳纤维板应用于重载铁路钢筋混凝土梁加固改造的实例较少,其加固效果尚需深入研究。本文先阐述了体外预应力加固钢筋混凝土构件的设计思路,又根据现行铁路规范对加固前后梁体的应力、挠度及裂缝宽度进行了检算,并通过试验场内的静载试验验证了预应力碳纤维板加固钢筋混凝土板梁的加固效果。研究结果表明,采用预应力碳纤维板加固钢筋混凝土梁能够显著提高梁体受力性能,在1.2倍ZH荷载作用下能够满足运营要求,该技术可以在重载铁路加固改造中推广应用。     

基于灰色关联分析的工程造价控制

从影响工程造价的土地费用、图纸设计及管理、施工图预算价、工期、工程变更费用和工料机信息价等6个因素出发,根据灰色关联分析理论计算出各因素与工程造价的关联度,得到各因素对工程造价灰色关联度的排序。研究表明:施工图预算价对工程造价的影响最大,管理者要注重施工图预算的编制策略和技巧,科学适度地控制此因素,这样可以避免发生"三超"现象,以较少的投入获得较多的效益。     

钢筋用量对体外预应力混凝土梁力学性能的影响分析

利用全过程分析的方法,进行了体外预应力钢筋和普通钢筋用量对体外预应力混凝土梁力学性能影响的定性分析。     

Measuring the environmental efficiency of the global aviation fleet

This research analyses the environmental footprint of the airline industry in an attempt to highlight potential paths for improvement. We develop a directional economic-environmental distance function (DEED) which accounts for the production of both desirable and undesirable output and the potential for constrained increases in input utilization. This research applies the modeling framework to analyze the potential to reduce noise and airborne pollutants emitted by aircraft–engine combinations given the current state of aeronautical technology. The global aircraft–engine market is viewed from the regulatory perspective in order to compare the single environmental and operational efficient frontier to that of the airline carriers, and environmental objectives. The results of DEED are then applied in order to substitute the fleets serving Schipol, Amsterdam and Arlanda, Stockholm airports in June 2010 with the benchmark aircraft. The results highlight the inefficiencies of the current airline fleets and that the IPCC values of externalities are a magnitude of TEN too low to encourage changes in the global fleet hence the need for government intervention.     

体外预应力加固重载铁路盖板涵试验研究

目前大秦铁路运输荷载日趋增加,桥梁的既有损伤不断加重,桥梁不断老化,破损。通过既有盖板涵承载力评估可知,盖板涵混凝土压应力已经超出规范要求。为了改善盖板的受力性能,提高盖板的承载能力,对盖板进行体外预应力加固。根据已加固盖板的室内静载试验和200万次疲劳试验,结合数据研究体外预应力的加固效果。结果表明,体外预应力加固可以大幅度提高盖板的承载能力,在正常使用状态混凝土压应力最大降低约32%。最后,根据力学理论推导体外筋应力增量计算公式,借助试验结果验证理论计算的准确性,为体外预应力加固的实际施工提供理论指导。     

DZ029转向器支架铸造工艺改进

本文通过对DZ029转向器支架铸造工艺的改进,最终节约了生产成本及提高了生产效率,并使得该转向器支架铸件废品率大幅降低.     

企业财务状况指标分析

以某企业报告期财务报表数据为基础，分析企业负债能力和长期偿债能力等财务指标，计算销售利润率、销售毛利率、销售费用率、销售成本率等盈利能力指标。同时进行直接材料、直接人工、制造费用等成本和期间费用分析，可为企业财务分析工作提供一定参考。     

优化多式联运问题的一种广义最短路方法研究

多式联运问题是目前引起普遍关注的一个研究课题,但针对多式联运网络的性质及其相关算法的研究,尤其是寻求最佳运输路线方法的研究,各类相关文献仍涉及很少。本文首先回顾多式联运问题的理论研究现状,并分析了Reddy(1995)构建的总运输成本最小化条件下的多式联运模型。在此基础上,提出一种求解最佳运输路线的广义最短路法,即通过构建多式联运网络多重图,将运输过程中的数据、信息和图中的节点、边关联起来,然后对运输费用和中转费用进行分析估计,并通过在联运网络图中加入虚拟的发、到站,使得该问题可用Dijkstra算法进行求解,从而获得广义费用最少的联运方案。最后,将该方法和后动态规划法同时应用于由5个城市及3种运输方式构成的多式联运算例求解,通过实际对比分析,证实该优化方法的计算复杂度不高于后动态规划法,从而验证了该优化方法的有效性。     

Effectiveness and costs of odor repellents in wildlife–vehicle collisions: A case study in Central Bohemia,Czech Republic

This article summarizes the results of the field tests, when the efficiency and financial costs of the chosen odor repellents to reduce mortality of animals on selected roads and railways in the Czech Republic during the years 2011–2013 were evaluated. The main objective was to determine whether by using repellents it is possible to reduce the number of animals killed and evaluate the return of financial costs that are associated with the application of the repellents. Our results showed that the odor repellents are an effective tool to reduce wildlife–vehicle collision (WVC), and thanks to their application it was possible to reduce the cost of damage to property and reduce the number of killed animals by comparing the years 2011 (without measure) and 2013 (2 years of repellent application) by 37% of the initial loss.     

Evaluating the effects of speed reduce for shipping costs and CO2 emission

Global greenhouse gas emissions have driven up carbon dioxide levels beyond 400 parts per million, thereby increasing the rate of global warming. This paper conducted a thorough assessment of available operating strategies to identify the approach to speed reduction that is best able to minimize costs and reduce the impact of shipping on the environment. Our results indicate that optimum speed reduction is a dynamic process depending largely on charter rates and fuel prices. The significant cost advantages afforded by this approach could improve the competitiveness of ship operators.