城市低收入人群广义出行成本研究

从广义出行成本的角度出发,以定量分析为主,辅以适当的定性分析,研究城市低收入人群出行过程中的使用成本、时间成本和舒适度成本.通过对南京市多个经济适用房小区进行居民出行调查,以客观数据为基础,建立广义出行成本模型,预测低收入群体几种主要的出行方式分担率,有利于分析他们的日常出行,为制定关于低收入人群的不同交通方式的出行保障策略提供依据.     

城市公交线网的一票制差异化票价策略优化

针对城市公交系统客流空间分布和线网运力配置不均衡问题,提出公交线路间差异化定价策略,通过价格杠杆调节客流需求分布. 针对我国普遍采用的一票制模式,在分析乘客广义出行费用的基础上,利用基于Logit 的线路间客流分配方法,并以总社会成本最低为目标,以满足输送能力和收费额度等为约束,建立了固定需求下的城市公交线网的差异化票价策略优化模型. 根据模型特点,设计了基于模拟退火算法的模型求解方法,综合优化各线路的票价水平和发车频率. 最后,将提出的模型和算法应用到典型公交线网上,算例结果表明,优化方法在较低的收费额度下即可实现较为明显的网络改善效果.     

体外预应力结构中体外束的合理自由长度的初步研究

体外预应力已经取得了广泛的应用,但其计算理论仍不太完善。对体外预应力桥梁结构的精确计算需要精确的考虑体外束偏心距变化引起的二次效应的影响,事实上这在工程实践中既过于繁琐又没有意义。本篇论文介绍了结合欧洲规范总结出来的一种计算可以忽略二次效应的最大体外束自由长度的公式,对国内的体外预应力研究具有一定的借鉴作用。     

基于SST湍流模型的超车时汽车外流场变化的仿真分析

基于k-w模型的SST(剪切应力输运)湍流模型综合了k-ε和k-w湍流模型在边界层内外计算的优点,能够准确及时预测分离的特性。利用SST湍流模型对轿车超越轿车的过程运用计算机仿真技术进行数值模拟,得出被超轿车在此过程中的气动阻力系数和气动侧力变化曲线图,并对这一工况进行了分析。     

有机溶剂的回收

为达到有效利用资源、减少环境污染、降低生产成本的目的,利用溶剂回收机对废溶剂进行了回收。介绍了溶剂回收机的工作原理、使用范围、结构组成和操作方法,并以某汽车零部件生产厂家的涂装车间为例,对溶剂回收可产生的经济效益进行了分析。结果表明,从节约资源、保护环境等方面考虑,溶剂回收机非常适合在涂装行业及其他行业推广使用。     

房地产行业股权融资成本与信息披露质量的实证研究

本文以2005-2006年度房地产行业上市公司作为样本,研究股权融资成本与信息披露质量之间的关系。在对变量的描述和样本检验的基础上,我们可以得出结论,即信息披露质量越高,股权融资成本越低。最后,本文通过实验研究,提出了一系列降低股权融资成本的政策建议。     

融资租赁初始直接费用会计处理的思考

《企业会计准则第21号——租赁》中将融资租赁出租人承担的初始直接费用计入“长期应收款——应收融资租赁款”账户．出租人承担的初始直接费用实质上是融资租赁出租人为获取以后各期的租金收益发生的资本性支出,其应当构成融资租赁资产的成本,不应当作为一种债权资产处理,并由此对现行准则中有关融资租赁初始直接费用会计处理提出了改进建议．     

A two-sided market platform analysis for the electric vehicle adoption: Firm strategies and policy design

This study explores how to facilitate the electric vehicle (EV) diffusion from a two-sided market platform competition. We develop a stylized model depicting the platform competition between electric and gasoline vehicles by combining indirect network effects of consumer and energy supplier sides as well as vehicle manufacturers’ profits. The findings of this study provide several meaningful strategic and policy implications for EV manufacturers and policymakers who wish to enhance EV diffusion. First, EV sales are significantly influenced by indirect network effects from the energy supplier side to the consumer side, and vice versa. This implies that EV manufacturers who wish to boost EV diffusion should implement a strategy providing energy suppliers with incentives to willingly join the EV platform. Second, the dynamic nature of the effects of energy costs on platform competition might render counter-intuitive evidence that the drop in oil prices does not always negatively influence EV sales. This requires EV manufacturers to prepare a contingent strategy adjusting to such unexpected conditions. Third, governments should consider the energy supplier side as well as the consumer side in designing EV diffusion policies. When governments have a very challenging EV diffusion target, a balanced policy, which treats both gasoline and electric vehicle technologies fairly, may be more effective than a consumer subsidy policy.     

How big should transit be? Evidence on the benefits of reorganization from the San Francisco Bay Area

This paper studies whether the many public urban transit providers in the San Francisco Bay Area could realize cost economies by consolidating into larger systems. In this discussion, any benefits of rationalization are excluded, since these could be achieved without organizational changes.The results support the formation of larger multi-modal systems in the Bay Area. But care must be taken in selecting the candidates for reorganization, and a broad-brush approach could result in important lost opportunities for cost reduction. But if these economies are taken into account, and transit grows in the right directions, the benefits could be substantial.     

Electric versus conventional vehicles: social costs and benefits in France

This article compares the social costs of electric vehicles with those of conventional, thermal vehicles for typical passenger use in the Ile-de-France region (Greater Paris), a case of particular interest because nearly 80% of the electricity is generated by nuclear power plants. A four-seat electric car is compared to a new conventional car of the same make and model; for the latter both the gasoline and the diesel version are considered because almost half of new car sales in France are diesel. These results are also compared to typical existing diesel and gasoline vehicles in the current French fleet. The methodology developed by the ExternE (External Costs of Energy) Project of the European Commission is used to estimate the costs associated with atmospheric pollution due to power plants, refineries and tail pipe emissions. Our discussion of externalities is limited to air pollution thus excluding others such as costs associated with noise or accidents. Our results imply that the external costs are large and significant, even when one considers the uncertainties. If internalized by government regulations, these externalities can render the total cost of an electric vehicle more competitive with that of currently available thermal vehicles in large urban centers if the electricity is produced by sources with low pollution. However, the current generation electric vehicles are so expensive that internalization of pollution damage would not give it a very clear advantage.