城市轨道交通PPP招商运营收支预测研究

在PPP招商阶段,城市轨道交通项目运营收支预测直接关系到招标条款设置的合理性和政府补贴额预测的准确性.从运营收入、运营支出角度分析城市轨道交通PPP招商运营收支预测情况,系统梳理并阐述票务收入、非票务收入、各项运营成本、重置更新成本、车辆追加成本以及税费的预测分析方法,供行业内研究探讨,从而希望为城市轨道交通PPP模式发展和运用提供借鉴.     

迈阿密城市轨道交通工程概述及评估

概述美国迈阿密城市轨道交通系统,通过对其日客运量、营运成本和收入成本比等方面统计分析,评估了该城市轨道交通系统,并总结了其中值得借鉴的经验教训,以期为我国类似的城市轨道交通系统建设提供有益的借鉴。     

城市地铁车辆选型思考

以深圳市轨道交通为例,通过对深圳市地铁客流的分析,以及对A、B型车的建设成本与运营成本的比较,探讨城市轨道交通车辆选型的问题。最后得出结论：1）车辆选型应全线综合考虑,尽量选用建设及运营成本较经济的车型。针对局部区间运能不足的情况,应增强城市轨道交通线网布局,增强各运营线路的换乘节点数量,完善局部区域的城市综合交通体系,给市民的出行提供多种选择。2）车辆选型从节能方面应综合考虑整个运营期间的乘客满载率。3）因B型车车体的长度、宽度及线路曲线半经小于A型车,故从地铁站、区间、车辆段土建结构造价及工程拆迁成本,以及运营噪声和振动等方面考虑,如B型车能满足远期客流要求,选用B型车较A型车更能体现地铁绿色环保的价值。     

梁拱组合体系桥施工监控

以北京通州北运河大桥为例,介绍了五跨带体外索梁拱组合体系桥的特点,并阐述了此类桥梁施工监控的目的、要点及方法。通过建立有限元模型进行施工模拟,分析了不同施工方案的优缺点,根据实测数据和理论计算结果,分析了日照温差和季节温度变化及其作用下主跨3个关键截面的应力变化规律。施工过程中,温度作用对该梁拱组合体系桥结构受力影响较大,温度效应应引起足够重视。     

The distribution of crowding costs in public transport: New evidence from Paris

Whilst congestion in automobile traffic increases trip durations, this is often not the case in rail-based public transport where congestion rather leads to in-vehicle crowding, often neglected in empirical studies. Using original survey data from Paris, this article assesses the distribution of comfort costs of congestion in public transport. Estimating willingness to pay for less crowded trips at different levels of in-vehicle passenger density we cannot reject a simple linear relationship between crowding costs and density. We apply our results to the cost-benefit analysis of a recent Parisian public transport project.     

高聚物注浆技术处治高速公路病害的经济效益分析

高聚物注浆维修高速公路病害技术是公路养护维修技术领域的新成果，体现了非开挖、精细化的理念，具有施工快捷、根治病害等优点，与传统维修方式相比，体现了显著的经济效益和社会效益。以安新高速公路示范工程为例，从直接效益和间接效益两方面对高聚物注浆技术和常规开挖换填两种方案进行了分析评价，结果表明高聚物技术具有明显的经济效益，可节省费用10552．73万元，效益提高56．56％。     

深埋山岭隧道帷幕注浆段衬砌外水压力研究

通过建立深埋山岭隧道的渗流模型,分析外水压力对支护体系的荷载影响,推导出帷幕注浆段衬砌外水压力的计算公式以及隧道内最大涌水量公式,并就理论公式结合工程实际情况展开探讨。同时,对太行山隧道帷幕注浆段外水压力进行现场测试。测试数据表明,由于监测时间较短、测点选择等原因,虽然帷幕注浆段衬砌外水压力较小,但考虑到后期外水压力的增加,为确保隧道运营期安全,需加强高压富水段外水压力持续监测。     

基于动态规划模型的部队返程问题优化应用研究

简要介绍了动态规划的多阶段决策过程、最优性原理和最优性定理,并以某军区打靶部队返程运输为例,建立动态规划模型,优化运输计划,达到以尽可能小的代价完成部队返程运输保障的目的,为解决同类问题提供思路。     

浅议全球高油价背景下船舶降低燃油成本的对策

文章分析了船舶燃油管理及其消耗所存在的问题,并提出了降低船舶运营燃油成本的对策,以达到降低油耗、控制成本和节能减排的目的,对推动绿色航运具有一定的实践指导意义。     

The econometric estimation of airports’ cost function

The econometric estimation of cost functions has been proposed in the literature as a suitable approach in order to obtain estimations of marginal costs, efficiency levels and scale elasticities for transport industries. However, regarding the airport industry, no significant attention has been paid in developing an airport-specific estimation methodology rather than adapting the procedures applied to other industries. The lack of comparable airport data is one of the causes which could explain the scarcity of this literature in the past, as well as the use of very limited approaches to explain airport technology. This paper tries to overcome these limitations by developing an airport-specific methodology to estimate a multi-output long-run cost function using an unbalanced pooled database on 161 airports worldwide. The specification of hedonically-adjusted aircraft operations, domestic and international passengers, cargo and commercial revenues in the output vector, as well as the calculation of input prices are discussed. Both technical and allocative inefficiencies are specified in the model using a Stochastic Frontier method that has been estimated through Bayesian Inference and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods.