城镇平急两用雨水调蓄设施规划设计要点研究

由于全球气候变化,近年来各地极端天气频发,严重影响城市生产生活,提升城市韧性成为全国各大城市面临的紧迫议题。结合平急两用理念,对地上的广场、绿地、高架,地下的车库、隧道,以及湖泊等多种应急雨水调蓄设施开展形式研究,提出应用场景、实施要点和运维建议,以期为保障城市安全、减轻内涝灾害影响、增加城市韧性提供技术支撑。     

Dynamic analysis of a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with shared moorings in extreme environmental conditions

The concept of a shared mooring system was proposed to reduce mooring and anchoring costs. Shared moorings also add complexity to the floating offshore wind farm system and pose design challenges. To understand the system dynamics, this paper presents a dynamic analysis for a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with a shared mooring system in extreme environmental conditions. First, a numerical model of the floating offshore wind farm was established in a commercial simulation tool. Then, time-domain simulations were performed for the parked wind farm under extreme wind and wave conditions. A sensitivity study was carried out to investigate the influence of loading directions and shared line mooring properties. To highlight the influence of the shared line, the results were compared to those of a single spar floating wind turbine, and larger platform motions and higher tension loads in single lines are observed for the wind farm with shared moorings. The loading direction affects the platform motions and mooring response of the floating offshore wind farm. Comparing the investigated loading directions to the 0-deg loading direction, the variation of mean mooring tension at the fairlead is up to 84% for single lines and 16% for the shared line. The influence of the shared line properties in the platform motions and the structural responses is limited. These findings improve understanding of the dynamic characteristics of floating offshore wind farms with a shared mooring system.     

基于DSP的气象传真图数字化电路设计

介绍以TI公司DSP芯片TMS320F2812为基础的无线气象传真图数字化电路设计,内容包括基于该芯片设计的数字化电路硬件组成、相应的软件程序以及上位机接收软件。软件程序采用模块化思想编程,便于维护和移植。同时还利用实验室条件接收到了真实的气象传真图,验证了该设计的可行性。     

1500t级超浅吃水江海直达货船的总体设计

本文概括地了１５００ｔ级超浅吃水江海直达货船的设计结果，并介绍了在设计着重考虑的了些问题。     

Measuring the performance of airport resilience to severe weather events

The increased severe weather events in recent years as a result of global climate change has created a substantial challenge for aviation system operation. Although transportation engineers and planners have attempted to improve system resilience through the adaptation of new technologies and the implementation of various strategies to achieve effective risk management, it remains unclear how resilience performance (measured by the speed of recovery) of airports varies in different severe weather events and what factors may explain such variations. This paper addresses these fundamental questions using the aviation system in China as an example. A resilience metric, which reflects the speed of recovery (bounce back) from a shock, was developed to measure the performance of airport resilience under various severe weather conditions. In addition, an empirical econometric analysis was conducted based on a dataset that includes both detailed aviation performance and weather conditions for the period of October 2016 – September 2017. The research findings show that airport resilience to severe weather events does vary substantially based on factors, such as weather conditions, airport capacity, and the level of modal substitution. In particular, the recovery time of air services in central and south China tends to be relatively longer in thunderstorms than other weather conditions. The study also confirms that modal substitution is a very effective resilience tactic of the transportation system as the recovery speed of air service was found to be faster by 22.9% if an alternative mode, such as high-speed rail (HSR) service was also available in the city.     

Required test durations for converged short-term wave and impact extreme value statistics — Part 1: Ferry dataset

For the design of maritime structures in waves, the extreme values of responses such as motions and wave impact loads are required. Waves and wave-induced responses are stochastic, so such responses should always be related to a probability. This information is not easy to obtain for strongly non-linear responses such as wave impact forces. Usually class rules or direct assessment via experiments or numerical simulations are applied to obtain extreme values for design. This brings up questions related to the convergence of extreme values: how long do we need to test in order to obtain converged statistics for the target duration? Or, vice versa: given testing data, what is the uncertainty of the associated statistics? Often the test or simulation duration is cut up in ‘seeds’ or ‘realisations’, with an exposure duration of one or three hours based on the typical duration of a steady environmental condition at sea, or the time that a ship sails a single course. The required number of seeds for converged results depends on the type of structure and response, the exposure duration, and the desired probability level. The present study provides guidelines for the convergence of most probable maximum (MPM) wave crest heights and MPM green water wave impact forces on a ferry. Long duration experiments were done to gain insight into the required number of seeds, and the effect of fitting. The present paper presents part 1 of this study; part 2 [1] presents similar results for wave-in-deck loads on a stationary deck box.     

The impact of extreme weather conditions on long distance travel behaviour

This paper examines traveller attitudes and responses towards disruption from weather and natural events. An internet-based travel behaviour survey was conducted with more than 2000 respondents in London and Glasgow. Of these respondents, 740 reported information on over 1000 long distance trips affected by extreme weather and natural events over the previous three years. Results show respondents are generally cautious towards travelling during extreme weather events. For a slight majority in the case of air and public transport, and a greater one in the case of car, travellers did not considerably alter their travel plan following the disruption. This was explained not only by less disruptive weather conditions (with heavy snow and volcanic ash being the most disruptive) and impact, but also by the relative importance of their trips. Differences between transport modes were not substantial. Business trips sometimes appeared to give travellers more flexibility, some other times not. Origin and destination did have an impact on reaction, as well as the presence of children whilst travelling. Mixed results were obtained about socio-economic and attitudinal variables. Age in particular did not appear to have a significant effect. Whilst most respondents did acknowledge no external influence in their decision, results showed an important contribution of transport organisation staff, as well as home and mobile internet technology. A limited but still considerable number of respondents indicated their closest friends/relatives as the main influence of their decisions. The results will help planners deploy strategies to mitigate the negative effects of weather related disruptions.     

全天候冷补沥青性能特性研究

本文研究了冷补沥青与基质沥青的基本性能和粘度的变化,进而得出冷补沥青的粘温曲线,指出冷补沥青的最佳拌合温度;基于沥青与集料的粘附力、液体表面张力理论以及沥青与集料接触角理论,通过接触角分析仪和表面张力仪试验测定冷补沥青与集料接触角、冷补沥青表面张力等数据,应用冷补沥青与集料的粘附功来定量地评价两者间的粘附性程度;为有效控制柴油型全天候冷补沥青的质量,根据大量试验结果和分析,制定出冷补沥青性能特性指标.     

多功能环保节能全天候路面清扫车设计

随着社会的不断发展,单纯意义上的清扫作业已不能满足现行路面的需求,多功能、环保节能和全天候等方面的要求越来越多,针对国内外现有各类清扫车的发展现状和市场需求,设计了一款多功能环保节能全天候路面清扫车。着重介绍了该车各系统的工作原理和结构。     

呼伦贝尔地区气候条件对公路修筑的影响

由于呼伦贝尔地区气候条件特殊,存在有大面积多年冻土,对公路路基修筑产生较大影响。文章以省道201线海拉尔-阿木古郎段公路为研究对象,总结气候条件的特点,提出该地区路基修筑的处理措施,以期减少冻土对公路性能的影响,提高运输效益。