Numerical simulations of fatigue crack initiation and propagation based on re-tensile plastic zone generating load criterion for in-plane gusset welded joints

Many accidents are caused by fatigue in welded built-up steel structures, and so it is important to estimate the fatigue lives of such structures quantitatively for safety reasons. By assuming that fatigue cracks cannot grow without an accumulation of alternating tensile/compressional plastic strain, one of the authors identified an improved effective stress intensity factor range ΔK _RPG based on the re-tensile plastic zone generating (RPG) load, which represents the driving force for fatigue cracks, and suggested that ΔK _RPG should be used as the parameter to describe fatigue crack growth behavior. The “FLARP” numerical simulation code in which ΔK _RPG is implemented as the fatigue crack growth parameter, was developed in order to predict fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior. In this paper, it is demonstrated that FLARP gives accurate estimates for fatigue life by comparing the estimated fatigue crack growth curves and S–N curves with the experimental results for in-plane gusset welded joints, which are used in many welded steel structures. Moreover, the effect of induced bending moment due to the linear misalignment in the out of plane direction on the fatigue strength of in-plane gusset welded joints is investigated through numerical simulations.     

Experimental and finite element analysis of fatigue strength for 300 mm2 copper power conductor

The fatigue strength of a 300 mm² stranded copper conductor was investigated experimentally and by finite element (FE) analysis. An analytical model was also developed and validated. Wires taken from the outer layer of the conductor were fatigue tested in tension–tension loading and compared with similar data for wires taken from a 95 mm² conductor. The wire cross section was deformed due to the compacting process that was applied during fabrication. When corrected for stress concentrations due to the deformation the data for the two sets of wire fell within the same scatter-band. Full scale testing was carried out in a specially designed rig with constant tensile load and reversed displacement controlled bending with a fixed curvature variation. The loading is a simulation of the loading of a power cable hanging from a floating vessel through a bellmouth. Conductors were tested in two states; dry and lubricated. A finite element model was established for the copper conductor. The model was formulated by a combination of elastic beam and beam-contact elements that included the effects of friction. The effect of local bending due to contact forces was included in the model. Two contact conditions were investigated; the point (trellis) contact between adjacent layers of wire and the inline contact within each layer and between the first layer (centre wire) and the second layer. The FE model was validated by a calibration test of a full scale conductor, and by sensitivity studies varying the size and the number of elements of the model. Fatigue analysis of the conductor was carried out, based on the S–N curve for individual wires. Taking into account the effects of friction and local bending, agreement was obtained between predicted and experimental fatigue strength of the conductor, for the FE model as well as the analytical model.     

复杂载荷下曲轴疲劳强度的可靠性

针对目前发动机曲轴疲劳可靠性设计方法法中存在的不足，通过对曲轴疲劳试验程序载荷谱及Ｐ－σ－Ｎ曲线的研究，提出出用程序载荷谱测定了Ｐ－σ－Ｎ曲线，并应用疲劳损伤等交理论对承受复杂载荷的贡轴进行可靠性设计的新方法。     

曲轴单拐弯曲疲劳的可靠度分析

本文运用三维有限元法，从零件可靠性设计这个角度分析了曲轴单拐的弯曲疲劳强度。     

对加速随机疲劳试验方法的研究

本文结合基于局部应力－应变法疲劳寿命估算提出一种在“相对”意义上对野外实测应变信号进行删“小量”（即对疲劳影响不大的小信号分量）处理，获得用于室内随机疲劳试验的浓缩信号的方法，其中以损伤滞回环为删除单元，以相对疲劳损伤比为删除的门槛值。     

重型矿用汽车车架的疲劳寿命计算

介绍了一种用于重型矿用汽车车架疲劳寿命计算的实用方法。这种方法把随机载荷下的疲劳寿命直接与描述一个应力历程的有关统计参量联系在一起,在对车架进行疲劳寿命计算时,只要求知道常幅应力-寿命数据和车架所经受的应力历程的标准离差与度规频率。用这种方法对我国某矿山使用的重型矿用汽车车架进行了疲劳寿命计算,计算结果与实际情况比较吻合。     

利用喷丸硬化提高渗碳齿轮的强度

研究表明，采用喷丸硬化工艺是一种改善渗碳材料表面异常的有效方法，可以显著提高渗碳齿轮的疲劳强度，介绍了日本ＩＳＵＳＺＵ汽车研究中心在汽车齿轮上应用喷丸硬化工艺的情况，并重点介绍了喷丸硬化的处理效果和工艺方法。     

柔性基层沥青路面沥青混合料优化设计研究

沥青混合料的抗疲劳性能是影响柔性基层沥青路面结构长期使用性能的重要指标之一，文章在综合分析国外柔性基层沥青路面结构使用性能、沥青混合料疲劳试验方法和疲劳特性的基础上，通过对沥青混合料的疲劳试验及不同影响因素间相关性的分析，采用综合优化的方法，建立了优化设计模型，研究提出了柔性基层沥青混合料疲劳性能与高温性能的综合优化指标。研究分析表明，5％～7％的矿粉用量能保证疲劳性能和高温稳定性均达到最佳。而3％－4．5％空隙率的沥青混合料综合性能较好。     

渗碳齿轮的喷丸强化机理

本文就喷丸处理对汽车渗碳齿轮疲劳寿命的影响进行了研究，分析了喷丸处理对渗碳组织，残余应力、疲劳残纹的形成及扩展规律的影响。     

一种车用高强球墨铸铁的疲劳性能

本文针对一种新研制的高强度，高延伸率球墨铸铁材料进行了疲劳性能方面的试验研究。本文简略地介绍了测试疲劳性能的试验方法，通过使用升降法试验获得了材料的弯曲疲劳极限，证明该材料具有良好的疲劳性能，通过低周疲劳试验获得了应力－应变曲线和应变－寿命曲线，这些都是汽车有关零件疲劳设计和寿命预测重要的数据资料。