汽车智能化冲压车间规划及其发展

本文分析了汽车智能化冲压车间生产流程,分析出车间规划原则有坚持绿色制造原则、坚持柔性化原则、坚持数字化原则、坚持信息化原则。在此基础之上进行了汽车智能化冲压车间规划方法分析,结果表明目前汽车智能化冲压车间规划主要有模糊综合评价和遗传算法分析,其中遗传算法应用较为广泛。指出未来汽车智能化冲压车间规划发展方向是引入神经网络算法进行规划。     

带时间窗的动态车辆路径问题的局部搜索算法

为有效求解带时间窗的动态车辆路径问题,建立了该问题的数学模型,通过计划周期分片,将动态问题转换为一系列的静态子问题,采用插入法构造初始解,并将重定位法、节点交换法和2-opt*法3种线路间局部搜索方法,以及2-opt法和Or-opt法2种线路内局部搜索方法的不同组合应用于初始解的改进,分析了客户出现时间、地理位置分布与不同客户时间窗范围对线路选择的影响,比较了标准算例的求解结果。结果表明:在线路间进行局部搜索时,重定位法的效果最好,2-opt*法次之,节点交换法的最差;在线路内进行局部搜索时,2-opt法优于Or-opt法;当客户请求出现时间越早,客户比较集中,客户时间窗较宽的情况下,使用的车辆数量较少,整个线路的行驶距离较短,客户延迟时间也较短。     

出行距离分布模型及参数研究

为研究城市交通规划中出行距离的分布特征,在一定假设条件下,运用概率统计理论推导出行距离的概率分布函数形式,用10座城市的居民出行资料对其进行拟合,验证了该假设条件的合理性,分析了函数参数的相关影响因素,如城市规模、城市形状和交通结构等,对其进行量化与非线性回归,得到出行距离的概率分布函数的一般形式,最后,就不同规模城市分析了分布函数参数的取值范围。研究结果表明:出行距离的分布符合瑞利分布,特大城市和大中城市分布函数参数的取值范围分别为0.035～0.076和0.042～0.100。     

乐山市停车战略分区规划研究

停车战略分区规划,是停车系统规划的首要及关键问题。根据停车战略分区的原则和依据,以乐山为例,提出适合乐山发展的停车战略分区以及各区域相应的停车战略,可为各区域停车设施供应总量及结构规划提供依据。     

装载机避障轨迹规划及模型预测轨迹跟踪

轮式装载机在工作区域行驶时,避障过程频繁,以往的避障轨迹规划未考虑整车转向半径约束和车速变化,也较少考虑整车在动力学模型条件下的轨迹跟踪性能.针对上述情况,以自动驾驶轮式装载机为对象,基于最优快速随机扩展树算法(RRT*),考虑车身膨胀圆个数,生成全局最优避障路径,以整车最小稳定转向半径为约束,利用CC-Steer算法...     

State-of-the-practice assessment of climate change adaptation practices across metropolitan planning organizations pre- and post-Hurricane Sandy

Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) throughout the United States are identifying goals and implementation strategies to reduce the impacts of climate change through transportation adaptation initiatives. Using vulnerability assessments as well as adaptation practices that support mitigation, MPOs are beginning to integrate climate change planning into the long range planning process. Evaluating the state-of-the-practice of adaptation planning and adaptation in support of mitigation is useful in that it helps identify gaps and areas of improvement. Therefore, this research investigates the state-of-the-practice of MPO adaptation planning using the Mid-Atlantic region as a case study. Surveys, administered in 2012 and 2014, are used to identify the level of progress of MPOs with regard to climate change adaptation practices as well as barriers before and after Hurricane Sandy. A cross-sectional analysis using GIS (Geographic Information Systems) maps the results of the surveys and spatially compares regional trends. The results of the case study suggest growing interest in adaptation efforts such as floodplain area designations and efforts to enhance coordination and collaboration as transportation jurisdictions respond to the potential climate change impacts. In addition, MPOs with dense, smaller geographic areas prioritize inter-jurisdictional collaboration as high, suggesting that they are more reliant on other agencies to maintain inter-connectivity of transportation networks and further implement adaptation planning practices.     

Establishing parking generation rates/models of selected land uses for Palestinian cities

Estimating parking demand in Palestine requires more oriented studies towards parking generation to enrich transportation planning, design, and management. Using regional or international models and rates of parking demand may not be appropriate for Palestine. This research is conducted to establish a reference for provision of parking supply for three major types of land uses, which are residential, office, and retail.Seventy-three sites of different land uses were selected through field investigations, interviews, and availability of information for each site. The study covered all main cities in the West Bank, Palestine. Data collection was conducted manually, which contains site characteristics and average of two-day parking counts during three periods (AM, PM, and Peak of the Development).Numerous models and rates were investigated yielding variable statistical accuracies. Most appropriate statistical models/rates were summarized and highlighted for each type of land use, and parking generation models with acceptable statistical significance were recommended, otherwise, parking generation rates were recommended. Simple linear regression, natural logarithmic linear regression, and power were the forms of the recommended models for the studied land uses.This study forms the first step of a future Palestinian “Parking Generation Manual” that should contain various local land use types.     

Survey of the operation and system study on wireless charging electric vehicle systems

This survey investigates the state-of-the-art in operations and systems-related studies of wireless charging electric vehicles (EVs). The wireless charging EV is one of emerging transportation systems in which the EV’s battery is charged via wireless power transfer (WPT) technology. The system makes use of charging infrastructure embedded under the surface of the road that transfers electric power to the vehicle while it is in transit. The survey focuses on studies related to both dynamic and quasi-dynamic types of wireless charging EV – charging while in motion and while temporarily stopped during a trip, respectively. The ability to charge EVs while in transit has raised numerous operations and systems issues that had not been observed in conventional EVs. This paper surveys the current research on such issues, including decisions on the allocation of charging infrastructure; cost and benefit analyses; billing and pricing; and other supporting operations and facilities. This survey consists of three parts. The first provides an orienting review of terminology specific to wireless charging EVs; it also reviews some past and ongoing developments and implementations of wireless charging EVs. The second part surveys the research on the operations and systems issues prompted by wireless charging EVs. The third part proposes future research directions. The goal of the survey is to provide researchers and practitioners with an overview of research trends and to provide a guide to promising future research directions.     

Strategic assessment of capacity consumption in railway networks: Framework and model

In this paper, we develop a new framework for strategic planning purposes to calculate railway infrastructure occupation and capacity consumption in networks, independent of a timetable. Furthermore, a model implementing the framework is presented. In this model different train sequences are generated and assessed to obtain timetable independence. A stochastic simulation of delays is used to obtain the capacity consumption. The model is tested on a case network where four different infrastructure scenarios are considered. Both infrastructure occupation and capacity consumption results are obtained efficiently with little input. The case illustrates the model’s ability to quantify the capacity gain from infrastructure scenario to infrastructure scenario which can be used to increase the number of trains or improve the robustness of the system.     

When human beings are like drunk robots: Driverless vehicles,ethics, and the future of transport

It is often argued that driverless vehicles will save lives. In this paper, we treat the ethical case for driverless vehicles seriously and show that it has radical implications for the future of transport. After briefly discussing the current state of driverless vehicle technology, we suggest that systems that rely upon human supervision are likely to be dangerous when used by ordinary people in real-world driving conditions and are unlikely to satisfy the desires of consumers. We then argue that the invention of fully autonomous vehicles that pose a lower risk to third parties than human drivers will establish a compelling case against the moral permissibility of manual driving. As long as driverless vehicles aren’t safer than human drivers, it will be unethical to sell them. Once they are safer than human drivers when it comes to risks to 3rd parties, then it should be illegal to drive them: at that point human drivers will be the moral equivalent of drunk robots. We also describe two plausible mechanisms whereby this ethical argument may generate political pressure to have it reflected in legislation. Freeing people from the necessity of driving, though, will transform the relationship people have with their cars, which will in turn open up new possibilities for the transport uses of the automobile. The ethical challenge posed by driverless vehicles for transport policy is therefore to ensure that the most socially and environmentally beneficial of these possibilities is realised. We highlight several key policy choices that will determine how likely it is that this challenge will be met.