On the implementation of an auxiliary pantograph for speed increase on existing lines

The contact between pantograph and catenary at high speeds suffers from high dynamic contact force variation due to stiffness variations and wave propagation. To increase operational speed on an existing catenary system, especially for soft catenary systems, technical upgrading is usually necessary. Therefore, it is desirable to explore a more practical and cost-saving method to increase the operational speed. Based on a 3D pantograph–catenary finite element model, a parametric study on two-pantograph operation with short spacing distances at high speeds shows that, although the performance of the leading pantograph gets deteriorated, the trailing pantograph feels an improvement if pantographs are spaced at a proper distance. Then, two main positive effects, which can cause the improvement, are addressed. Based on a discussion on wear mechanisms, this paper suggests to use the leading pantograph as an auxiliary pantograph, which does not conduct any electric current, to minimise additional wear caused by the leading pantograph. To help implementation and achieve further improvement under this working condition, this paper investigates cases with optimised uplift force on the leading pantograph and with system parameter deviations. The results show that the two positive effects still remain even with some system parameter deviations. About 30% of speed increase should be possibly achieved still sustaining a good dynamic performance with help of the optimised uplift force.     

基于人车路相互作用的路桥接合处差异沉降控制标准

针对路基和桥梁沉降量不同而造成路桥接合处出现桥头跳车的现象,为确定桥头跳车的定量指标,选取人体加权加速度均方根值作为桥头车辆行驶舒适性的振动指标。将路桥接合处纵断面沉降曲线拟合为指数型曲线之后,建立了路桥接合处路面不平整时域模型,并分析了桥头车辆行驶舒适性的影响因素。分析结果显示车速、路桥过渡段的最大差异沉降量和沉降区段长度对人体的行驶舒适性影响很大。根据分析结果,确定了基于人车路相互作用的路桥接合处差异沉降控制参考标准。研究结果可作为判断桥头是否跳车的依据,也可用于一般路基差异沉降标准的制定。     

桩基的非线性分析

本文以桩一土相互作用的关系为基本点,对于在多种土层的地基中,桩的计算是从试 验出发,考虑了影响桩承载力的多种因素,首先假定土的抗力数学模型,用优化方法 求取模型中的待定参数,由此将计算得到的结果用于同类型地基的桩基计算中。      

高速客车对轨道的垂向动力作用研究

本文从系统工程的观点出发,将车辆与轨道二个子系统作为一个总体系 统来考虑,建立了车辆一轨道藕合系统的垂向动力学模型及其详细的健 图模型。应用这一模型研究了高速客车对轨道的垂向动力作用问题。结 果表明:当轨道存在垂向不平顺时,高速列车时轨道将产生剧烈的动力 作用;为降低这种作用,必须要使车辆与执道参数合理匹配,并衬轨道 维护质量提出较高要求。      

交通规划与土地利用关系研究

充分认识交通规划与土地利用的关系是合理进行土地利用规划的基础。     

土-承台动力相互作用对砂土场地桩基桥梁地震反应的影响

在桩基桥梁的地震反应分析中,桩-土动力相互作用是个重要的问题,而对于采用低桩承台基础的桥梁,承台埋在土面以下,还存在土与承台之间的动力相互作用。目前,地震反应分析中一般不考虑土-承台动力相互作用的影响,相关研究也很少。为此,利用OpenSees有限元分析程序,基于p-y曲线建立了土-结构一体化桩基单墩模型,选择40条实际岩石场地地震记录作为输入,开展了考虑土-承台动力相互作用的桩基桥梁地震反应分析。结果表明,考虑土-承台动力相互作用后,结构的基本周期会减小,墩底曲率会明显增大,桩顶曲率会大幅减小,但墩顶位移的减小可以忽略。     

非结构化网格浸入边界法的流固耦合数值模拟(英文)

This paper presents an improved unstructured grid immersed boundary method. The advantages of both immersed boundary method and body fitted grids which are generated by unstructured grid technology are used to enhance the computation efficiency of fluid structure interaction in complex domain. The Navier-Stokes equation was discretized spacially with collocated finite volume method and Euler implicit method in time domain. The rigid body motion was simulated by immersed boundary method in which the fluid and rigid body interface interaction was dealt with VOS (volume of solid) method. A new VOS calculation method based on graph was presented in which both immersed boundary points and cross points were collected in arbitrary order to form a graph. The method is verified with flow past oscillating cylinder.     

水平循环荷载下饱和砂土中桩-土相互作用机理的试验研究

通过设计详细的模型试验方案,对埋入砂土中的模型桩施加水平循环荷载和水平静载两种力,并通过改变加载频率、循环次数以及桩的埋入深度来进行模型试验。收集了大量的实测数据,进行整理和计算后,对模型桩受以上各种因素的影响进行了比较和分析,得到桩-土之间在上述各种因素综合作用下所表现出来的量化规律。     

Extending stated choice analysis to recognise agent-specific attribute endogeneity in bilateral group negotiation and choice: a think piece

This paper is a think piece on variations in the structure of stated preference studies when modelling the joint preferences of interacting agents who have the power to influence the attribute levels on offer. The approach proposed is an extension of standard stated choice methods, known as ‘stated endogenous attribute level’ (SEAL) analysis. It allows for interactive agents to adjust attribute levels off a base stated choice specification that are within their control, in an effort to reach agreement in an experimental setting. This accomplishes three goals: (1) the ability to place respondents in an environment that more closely matches interactive settings in which some attribute levels are endogenous to a specific agent, should the modeller wish to capture such behaviour; (2) the improved ability of the modeller to capture the behaviour in such settings, including a greater wealth of information on the related interaction processes, rather than simply outcomes; and (3) the expansion of the set of situations that the modeller can investigate using experimental data.

轻型客车NVH特性的刚弹耦合、声固耦合仿真研究

在介绍整车刚弹耦合模型和车室结构与空腔声固耦合模型建模理论的基础上,以某轻型客车为例进行仿真计算,探讨了刚弹耦合、声固耦合一体化研究在汽车NVH特性研究中的应用。