基于线性诱导的公路隧道入口区域交通安全优化研究

为达到驾驶人早发现隧道洞门、早适应环境变化、早决策驾驶行为的目的，通过分析隧道入口区域行车环境下的视距视区与交通安全问题，借鉴常见的线条形视线诱导设施（如反光环、反光条、弹性交通柱等），构建隧道线性诱导系统，并提出基于线性诱导的隧道入口区域改善方法。另外，通过室内模拟试验，采集白天与夜间环境下注视点的位置数据； 将注视区域分为5类，并分析注视点在各区域的视觉转移特性，评价隧道入口区域改善前后的效果。结果表明： 1）隧道线性诱导系统具备形式多样、较大尺寸、可以勾勒轮廓、发光分散等特点，同时可以以低成本提升隧道光环境的安全性。2）隧道入口区域改善前，驾驶人的注视点以较大概率出现在前方近处。3）改善后，驾驶人的注视点以较大的概率出现在前方远处，表明改善方案使得驾驶人的视距充足； 改善后注视点在主要分布区域的注视概率变动比改善前更为缓和，表明驾驶人的视区变化得到缓解。     

Time domain approach for coupled cross-flow and in-line VIV induced fatigue damage of steel catenary riser at touchdown zone

Existing VIV prediction approaches for steel catenary riser (SCR) typically employ truncation model without considering the interaction between the SCR and soil, and only allow for cross-flow (CF) VIV. In this study, a time domain approach accounting for the SCR-soil interaction is proposed to predict the CF and in-line (IL) VIV induced fatigue damage of a SCR at touchdown zone (TDZ). The hydrodynamic force resulting from the vortex shedding is modeled using the forced oscillation test data of a rigid cylinder and an empirical damping model, which are defined as functions of the non-dimensional dominant frequency and amplitude of the SCR response. Due to the coupling effect, the IL VIV force is magnified based on the CF VIV amplitude. By combining a linear hysteretic interaction model with a trench shape model, some particular phenomena during the vertical SCR-soil interaction are captured and qualitatively discussed, while for the horizontal direction, the seabed is simplified as nonlinear spring model. Based on these models, parametric studies are conducted to broaden the understanding of the sensitivity of VIV induced fatigue damage to the seabed characteristic. The results indicate trench depth, vertical and lateral stiffness, and clay suction are significantly affect the VIV induced maximum fatigue damage at TDZ.     

CZM in California: Successes and Challenges Ahead

California has a forty-year history of successful coastal zone management. The San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, the California Coastal Commission, and the State Coastal Conservancy have protected and made accessible hundreds of miles of shoreline. While each agency has played a critical role, this article focuses on the Coastal Commission. Implementing the California Coastal Act, the Coastal Commission has partnered with local government, other agencies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and the public to concentrate new development in already developed areas, and much of the rural coastal zone looks as it did in 1972. The Commission has protected and expanded public shoreline access through its regulatory actions. Using strong ecological science the Commission has protected a wide variety of sensitive habitats and wetlands. And under the authority of the Coastal Zone Management Act, the Commission has reviewed thousands of federal projects to assure that they are consistent with the Coastal Act. Challenges continue, though, including population growth, sea-level rise, and inadequate funding to update local coastal land use plans to address new issues, such as climate change adaptation. New investment is needed at the national, state, and local level to continue the success of the California program.     

Democratization of Coastal Zone Decision Making for Indigenous Australians: Insights from Stakeholder Analysis

Community participation has become something of an orthodoxy within natural resource management. In the absence of an explicit strategy for democratization and capacity-building the notion of community participation is potentially meaningless and its application likely to mask decisions made in the interests of elite groups. This article examines the shortcomings of participatory processes in coastal resource management and seeks to identify and overcome constraints to democratization and capacity-building for Indigenous Australians. Using two coastal catchments in Central Queensland as a case study, we explore relations of power among stakeholders using Stakeholder Analysis to provide a platform for more effective deliberative participation by this group of stakeholders. Discussion of the specific barriers to participation identified by Aboriginal stakeholders will demonstrate the need to adopt notions of capacity-building that focus not only on the attributes of the individual stakeholder that might facilitate their participation, but on the characteristics also of the decision-making environment.     

喀什经济开发区综合交通规划中交通需求预测

喀什地区位于中国的西大门，与5个国家接壤，有6个国家一类口岸对外开放，区域优势明显．对喀什经济开发区交通需求的科学研究是促进该研究区域交通运输事业规范而高速发展的关键．本文采取时间序列预测法、弹性系数法、综合评价法等方法，系统全面地对该区域交通需求预测进行了分析，为该区域综合交通规划与建设奠定了基础．     

浙东地区公路隧道调光参数影响因素实测分析与调光控制探讨

为掌握公路隧道调光参数的变化特征,更好地解决调光控制与隧道照明需求匹配的问题,采用改进的环境简图法结合环形线圈车检器同步获取浙东沿海丘陵地区6条公路隧道的长序列洞外亮度L20(S)和交通流数据。实测结果表明： 1）对浙东地区,公路隧道春、夏、秋、冬季的L20(S)峰值比例约为0.95∶1∶0.95∶0.85,晴天、云天、阴天、重阴天的L20(S)比例约为1∶0.6∶0.18∶0.11; 2）L20(S)是影响浙东地区公路隧道照明需求的主要因素,其对调光控制节能的贡献超过95%,交通流对隧道照明需求的影响较为有限; 3）隧道越短,调光控制所取得的节能效果越显著,短隧道采用无级调光,照明能耗可降低50%以上。     

天然气燃料动力机舱防爆区域划分及安全措施研究

由于天然气的高危易燃特点,对天然气燃料动力的新型船舶在防爆布置方面提出更为严格的要求,结合船级社规范,分别就本安型和ESD型两种双燃料机舱及主机结构特点,分析讨论了燃料供应系统在内的机舱及主机防爆安全级别和区域划分等问题,对双燃料机舱在电气设备选型设计和其他的防爆措施提出了建议,以实现天然气燃料机舱完整的防爆设计理念。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区区域物流竞争力研究

区域物流竞争力成为区域竞争力的核心组成部分之一,对于区域物流竞争力的客观评价研究已成为现实的必然要求。以鄱阳湖生态经济区的9个城市为研究对象,对区域物流竞争力的发展现状进行分析,通过指标变量的选取,构建鄱阳湖生态经济区区域物流竞争力的评价体系,采用SPSS统计软件中的聚类分析和因子分析法对各城市的物流竞争力进行了得分排名以及提出对策建议。     

昆明新机场红粘土边坡地基处理试验研究

针对昆明新机场验证试验小区红粘土边坡及岩溶破碎带,分别进行强夯法和清爆换填法处理,并通过载荷试验验证其处理效果。结果表明:破碎带清爆换填后的地基承载力特征值达到400kPa,强夯面平均沉降量为30cm,效果明显;对于埋设较浅的溶蚀破碎带,建议首先爆破揭顶,分层回填块石后采用强夯处理;红粘土边坡强夯后的地基承载力特征值为210kPa,变形模量为1.74～2.14MPa。关键词:红粘土;边坡;岩溶破碎带;强夯法;清爆换填法     

GFRP筋混凝土梁正截面受弯性能试验研究

为深入研究GFRP筋混凝土梁弯曲性能及设计方法,通过36根混凝土梁(其中GFRP筋混凝土梁21根,钢筋混凝土梁15根)的四点弯曲试验,对GFRP筋混凝土梁正截面的受弯性能进行了研究.在配筋率、几何尺寸、混凝土强度相同的条件下,对比分析了GFRP筋混凝土梁与钢筋混凝土梁的挠度及承载力特性;推导了GFRP筋混凝土梁受弯承载力、界限受压区高度的计算公式,并用试验数据验证了公式的正确性.结果表明:GFRP筋混凝土梁与钢筋混凝土梁的最大挠度之比为1.5～2.5;初裂承载力之比为0.53～0.69,极限承载力较接近,比值为0.75～1.02;GFRP筋混凝土梁界限相对受压区高度为0.17～0.20.建议取配筋率为1.4倍平衡配筋率,以使构件具有足够的承载力储备.