高铁客运站旅客导向标识系统优化算法研究

高速铁路的快速发展,对客运站旅客导向标识系统提出更高的要求.由于高速铁路客运站的功能和布局比较复杂,为了更好地为旅客提供便捷、高效的服务,本文根据高铁客运站运营管理实际需求,采用智能优化算法对旅客导向标识系统进行优化设计.首先,以区域诱导信息量最大为目标,建立了旅客导向标识布设位置选择模型;其次,进行退火-遗传算法设计并求解,找到了较优的布设位置;最后,以北京南站地下一层的导向标识系统为例进行实例分析,并且与遗传算法标识位置的布设相比较,验证了退火-遗传算法的可行性和有效性,为高速客运站导向标识系统的优化设计提供了科学依据.     

Overview of public transport policy developments in South Africa

Public transport in South Africa is one of the most burning issues in the transport sector. The government is faced with huge public pressure to improve public transport systems in the face of rising fuel costs, the pending implementation of expensive urban toll road systems in the Gauteng province, and elsewhere in urban environments, public transport safety issues, public transport fleet renewal, especially the commuter rail services, as well as limited resources to fund public transport. As a developing country, the South African Government has pressing funding issues such as funds needed to improve housing for the poor to improve schooling and public health services. Government is also faced with a vocal minibus taxi industry that transports an estimated 65% of all commuters in the country that is also insisting on subsidies for its services.     

基于ST-MRF的自适应车辆跟踪算法研究

可靠的车辆跟踪是实现交通事件自动检测的重要前提,车辆跟踪中的车辆相互遮挡则是影响车辆跟踪结果的关键因素.为了解决这一难题,文中提出一种基于ST-MRF模型的自适应车辆跟踪算法.在ST-MRF模型中,把图像分成块,将相邻图像间的块通过它们的矢量联系起来,建立运动序列图像的时空马尔可夫随机场模型并且构造其相应的能量耗费函数,然后利用松弛算法实现目标地图最小化能量计算,从而解决车辆跟踪中的遮挡问题.实验结果表明,跟踪不遮挡的车辆时达到的跟踪成功率为95%,遮挡情况时成功率也可达到91%.通过实验得出以下结论:基于ST-MRF模型的自适应车辆跟踪算法能在交通量比较大,且车辆出现相互遮挡的情况下,能较准确地获得车辆跟踪数据.为以后的交通事件检测提供重要的数据基础.     

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为提高通勤者使用公交出行的比例,有效缓解城市交通拥堵,对应用智能公交系统数据(Advanced Public Transportation Systems,APTS)获得公交通勤出行需求的方法进行研究.采集APTS数据,通过对公交IC卡数据和智能调度系统数据的关联获得公交乘客的上车站点信息.根据早、晚高峰的出行频率判断公交通勤乘客,利用通勤出行的时间和空间特征确定居住地点和工作地点.以此基本思路,提出公交卡乘客通勤OD分布估计算法,并应用海量APTS系统数据对算法进行了试验和分析.最后,通过与基于"出行链"的方法进行比较,分析了算法的精度.本文提出的方法具有精度高、可操作性强的优点,为快速、经济地获取公交通勤OD分布提供了一种新的途径.     

Integrated smart feeder/shuttle transit service: simulation of new routing strategies

The idea of designing an integrated smart feeder/shuttle service stemmed from the need to overcome the problem of using an excessive number of cars arriving and parking at a train station within the same time span. This problem results in high parking demand around the train station. Moreover, some potential train riders will, instead, use their cars and hence become a party to increasing the traffic congestion. This work develops a new idea of an integrated and innovative feeder/shuttle system with new operating and routing concepts. The fulfilled objectives are as follows: (i) to construct and examine different operating strategies from both the user and operator perspectives; (ii) to examine different routing models and scenarios; and (iii) to construct a simulation tool for (i) and (ii). Ten different routing strategies are examined, with all the combinations of fixed/flexible routes, fixed/flexible schedules, a unidirectional or bidirectional concept, and shortcut (shortest path) and/or short‐turn (turnaround) concepts. These strategies are investigated by employing a simulation model specifically developed and constructed for this purpose. This simulation model is used in a case study of Castro Valley in California in which the feeder/shuttle service is coordinated with the Bay Area Rapid Transit service, and the 10 routing strategies are compared in regard to four fleet‐size scenarios. One of the interesting results found is that the fixed‐route and flexible‐route concepts are comparable in performance measures when applying a combination of operating strategies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

某轻型汽车离合系统隔振技术的探讨和研究

汽车离合系统作为一类与操控者接触频率较高的元件,其舒适性是一项不可或缺的品质指标[1]。本文以某轻型客车为例,对踏板振动进行测试,并对测试的特性图、频谱以及振动产生的机理进行分析,确定了系统产生振动的原因和解决方案。基于试验数据的对比分析发现,采用螺旋管+限流阀+动态隔振器的方式可有效解决振动问题,以此来大幅提高离合系统的舒适性。最后,还通过实车测试探究了隔振结构对离合系统的影响。     

Research on the high-speed railway catenary systems online real-time testingEI北大核心

Research purposes: Some catenary system vibrated largely after the train since Chinese high-speed railway running, which came from an oral report of one rail worker on duty. Its accurate displacement must be measured in order to solve the problem. The measurement technique based on image has the advantages of non-contact and dynamic which is suitable for unique structure such as catenary system. The computer gets displacement value through analyzing image which may ensure train's safety when on-line test is carrying out. The research not only can be used to analyze the cause of abnormal existing catenary shaking and swaying amplitude, but also can provide the technical support for catenary of electrified railway online real-time test. Research conclusions: (1) The measured amplitude of cantilever, shoulder brace of positive feeder and carrier cable was small relatively and consistent with other normal sections of the whole line. (2) The interaction between catenary and pantograph was the main reason for its vibration, without the coupling effect between up-bound and down-bound. (3) The accurate value of test result indicated that the amplitude of catenary is under the range allowably, which verified the uncertainty of human sense and further clarified the safety hazard. (4) The non-contact measurement technique based on image can get the dynamic real time test data and have simple and convenient operation, which supplies subtle and suitable way for high-speed railway catenary systems real-time on-line test.     

考虑输入受限的水下滑翔机前馈控制设计

自主式水下滑翔机是一类浮力驱动的无人装备,其控制系统对滑翔机的功能实现至关重要。考虑控制输入受限,以具有不稳定内部动态的水下滑翔机动力学系统为对象,构造前馈控制算法。这种前馈控制方法将有限时间间隔内的转换控制任务视为两点边界值问题,并将输入受限直接并入两点边界值问题中求解。仿真结果表明,在输入受限的情况下,所设计的控制系统能对水下滑翔机进行有效控制,为不稳定的内部动态求出有界的、因果的解。在控制输入无约束和控制输入受限的情况下,各状态变量的变化趋势相同,只是控制过程中各状态变量的幅度变化有所差异。     

Assessment of energy-saving techniques in direct-current-electrified mass transit systems

Railway rapid transit systems are key stones for the sustainability of mass transit in developed countries. The overwhelming majority of these railway systems are direct-current (DC) electrified and several energy-saving techniques have been proposed in the literature for these systems. The use of regenerative-braking in trains is generally recognised as the main tool to improve the efficiency of DC-electrified mass transit railway systems but the energy recovered in braking cannot always be handled efficiently, above all in low traffic-density situations. Several emerging technologies as energy storage systems or reversible traction substations have the potential for making it possible to efficiently use train-braking. However, a systematic evaluation of their effect is missing in the literature.In this paper, a deep, rigorous and comprehensive study on the factors which affect energy issues in a DC-electrified mass transit railway system is carried out. This study clarifies what the actual potential is for energy saving in each situation. Then, a methodology to asses several energy-saving techniques to improve energy efficiency in DC-electrified mass transit systems is presented, constituting the main contribution of this paper. This methodology has been conceived to help operators in assessing the effect of railway-infrastructure emerging technologies in transit systems, so making it possible to shape planning, capacity, etc. It is stepped out in three basic movements. First of all, a traffic-density scan analysis is conducted in order to clarify the effect of the headway on system behaviour. Secondly, several traffic-density scenarios are simulated for a set of infrastructure-expanded cases. Finally, annual energy saving is evaluated by applying a realistic operation timetable. This methodology has been applied to a case study in Madrid Metro (Spain) to illustrate the steps of its application and the effect of several energy-saving techniques on this specific system. Results confirm that regenerative braking generally leads to an important increase of system energy efficiency – especially at high traffic-density scenarios. It has also been proved that infrastructure improvements can also contribute to energy savings and their contributions are more significant at low traffic densities. Annual energy results have been obtained, which may lead to investment decisions by carrying out an appropriate economic assessment based on cost analysis.The main results of the study presented here are likely to apply to other electric traction systems, at least qualitatively.     

新型混合型限流熔断器在舰船综合电力系统中的应用分析

采用中压直流电网输配电是舰船综合电力系统的重点发展方向,但中压直流开关的分断能力不足成为中压直流电网发展的一个重要制约.本文提出在合理位置加装电弧触发式混合型限流熔断器（ATH-CLF）来限制中压直流电网短路电流的方法来解决这一问题.首先以IEEE Std 1709-2010推荐的一种舰船中压直流电网为例,建立了该电网的EMTP仿真模型和ATH-CLF的EMTP仿真模型,计算了有无ATH-CLF以及ATH-CLF安装在不同位置时各典型位置发生短路的电网短路电流及母线电压跌落.分析表明,合理的ATH-CLF加装方案可有效降低短路电流水平,并可使非故障区域的母线电压跌落在10 ms之内恢复.