企业人误组织机制与体制系统分析

在考察分析企业安全管理现状基础上,建立企业安全管理机制模式,分析模式运行、变化和转换的内部与外部条件,给出优型机制的主要特征,建立企业安全管理体制模式,就模式的中心化与有机化进行分析。     

三维地理信息系统矢量数据组织

对三维地理信息系统所涉及的空间目标进行了定义,提出了用三维矢量数据模型的结构来表达三维空间目标。分析了三维矢量数据结构ＧＩＳ的拓扑关系。并对空间对象的数据结构进行了形式化描述。     

多变量控制系统的频域参数化

本文采用系统的多项式矩阵表示法,给出了在多输入多输出单位反馈系统中,所有使 褥闭环系统为稳定控制器的参数化描述.该参数化具有线性形式,计算方便,并且保 证了控制器传函矩阵为真,从而改进了现有文献中的参数化结论,为多变量系统控制 器的设计提供了一类新的有效设计方法.      

Design and development of interactive trip planning for web-based transit information systems

This article presents a Web-based transit information system design that uses Internet Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies to integrate Web serving, GIS processing, network analysis and database management. A path finding algorithm for transit network is proposed to handle the special characteristics of transit networks, e.g., time-dependent services, common bus lines on the same street, and non-symmetric routing with respect to an origin/destination pair. The algorithm takes into account the overall level of services and service schedule on a route to determine the shortest path and transfer points. A framework is created to categorize the development of transit information systems on the basis of content and functionality, from simple static schedule display to more sophisticated real time transit information systems. A unique feature of the reported Web-based transit information system is the Internet-GIS based system with an interactive map interface. This enables the user to interact with information on transit routes, schedules, and trip itinerary planning. Some map rendering, querying, and network analysis functions are also provided.     

Comparison of emerging ground propulsion systems for electrified aircraft taxi operations

Aviation is a mode with high fuel consumption per passenger mile and has significant environmental impacts. It is important to seek ways to reduce fuel consumption by the aviation sector, but it is difficult to improve fuel efficiency during the en-route cruise phase of flight because of technology barriers, safety requirements, and the mode of operations of air transportation. Recent efforts have emphasized the development of innovative Aircraft Ground Propulsion Systems (AGPS) for electrified aircraft taxi operations. These new technologies are expected to significantly reduce aircraft ground-movement-related fuel burn and emissions. This study compares various emerging AGPS systems and presents a comprehensive review on the merits and demerits of each system, followed with the local environmental impacts assessment of these systems. Using operational data for the 10 busiest U.S. airports, a comparison of environmental impacts is performed for four kinds of AGPS: conventional, single engine-on, external, and on-board systems. The results show that there are tradeoffs in fuel and emissions among these emerging technologies. On-board system shows the best performance in the emission reduction, while external system shows the least fuel burn. Compared to single-engine scenario, external AGPS shows the reduction of HC and CO emissions but the increase of NO_x emission. When a general indicator is considered, on-board AGPS shows the best potential of reducing local environmental impacts. The benefit-cost analysis shows that both external and on-board systems are worth being implemented and the on-board system appeals to be more beneficial.     

A traffic analysis zone definition: a new methodology and algorithm

This paper develops a comprehensive approach to the definition of transportation analysis zones (TAZ), and therein, presents a new methodology and algorithm for the definition of TAZ embedded in geographic information systems software, improves the base algorithm with several local algorithms, and comprehensively analyses the obtained results. The results obtained are then compared to these presently used in the transportation analysis process of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. The proposed algorithm presents a new methodology for TAZ design based on a smoothed density surface of geocoded travel demand data. The algorithm aims to minimise the loss of information when moving from a continuous representation of the origin and destination of each trip to their discrete representations through zones, and focuses on the trade-off between the statistical precision, geographical error, and the percentage of intra-zonal trips of the resulting OD matrix. The results for the Lisbon Metropolitan Area case study suggest a significant improvement in OD matrix estimates compared to current transportation analysis practises based on administrative units.

Energy and emissions impacts of a freeway-based dynamic eco-driving system

Surface transportation consumes a vast quantity of fuel and accounts for about a third of the US CO₂ emissions. In addition to the use of more fuel-efficient vehicles and carbon-neutral alternative fuels, fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions can be lowered through a variety of strategies that reduce congestion, smooth traffic flow, and reduce excessive vehicle speeds. Eco-driving is one such strategy. It typically consists of changing a person’s driving behavior by providing general static advice to the driver (e.g. do not accelerate too quickly, reduce speeds, etc.). In this study, we investigate the concept of dynamic eco-driving, where advice is given in real-time to drivers changing traffic conditions in the vehicle’s vicinity. This dynamic strategy takes advantage of real-time traffic sensing and telematics, allowing for a traffic management system to monitor traffic speed, density, and flow, and then communicates advice in real-time back to the vehicles. By providing dynamic advice to drivers, approximately 10–20% in fuel savings and lower CO₂ emissions are possible without a significant increase in travel time. Based on simulations, it was found that in general, higher percentage reductions in fuel consumption and CO₂ emission occur during severe compared to less congested scenarios. Real-world experiments have also been carried out, showing similar reductions but to a slightly smaller degree.     

某型船用柴油发电机系统的建模与仿真

针对目前船舶柴油发电机系统监控软件测试难度大、周期长、成本高等问题,提出利用仿真模型在软件与硬件搭接联调之前先行测试,以减少软件的开发周期和成本。基于模块化建模的思想,分析柴油发电机系统中的热功转换、能量转换和质量迁移等多种能量作用。在SimuWorks仿真平台上根据基本物理学规律将柴油发电机系统分为进气系统、燃油供应系统、PID调节器、气缸、曲轴连杆、轴系转子和发电机七个模块,按照能量传递和转移的方向,搭建起柴油发电机系统的整体模型。利用建立的柴油发电机系统进行仿真研究,通过对稳态和动态仿真实验值的分析,证明了模型的准确性,为柴油发电机系统监控软件的测试奠定基础。     

Adapting to Catch Shares: Perspectives of West Coast Groundfish Trawl Participants

Abstract

Catch share programs are used in fisheries management to meet goals such as species recovery, overcapacity reduction, and economic efficiency. Anticipated impacts include fleet consolidation, infrastructure reduction, and social disruption within communities. The Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Social Study (PCGFSS) aims to understand social changes related to the recently implemented West Coast Groundfish Trawl Catch Share Program. In this article, we use a subset of PCGFSS data to explore the ways remaining fishery participants have thus far adapted to catch shares. While some vessels have left the fishery, we found that many participants are adapting to this catch shares program despite challenges. Quota leasing strategies, fishery diversification, gear innovation, and community quota funds are some of the tools participants are using to continue operating under the catch shares program. These early challenges and adaptations to the catch share program are worthy of continued tracking, as researchers, managers, and fishing communities, would benefit by considering first-hand perspectives of the on-the-ground realities of harvesting groundfish in the rationalized fishery.     

Agent Technology Application in Automating the Coordination and Decision-Making in Supply Chain

Coordinating all the activities among all the parties involved in supply chain can be a daunting task. This paper put forth the viewpoint of applying agent technology to automate the coordination and decision-making tasks in a typical home PC industry supply chain. The main features of the proposed approach, which differentiate it from other approaches, are the following： ① In the prototype, the coordination agents have both cooperation and competition patterns, ② It uses JADE （Java Agent DEvelopment Framework） as the agent development environment to realize efficient and reusable agent software; ③ It produces some innovative models for the business processes and issues faced by parties in the supply chain. A prototype and the overall process flow were also described.