Resilience in transportation systems: a systematic review and future directions

ABSTRACT

The Belt and Road (B&R) initiative was introduced by the Chinese government to promote the worldwide economic development and multilateral cooperation between China and the associated countries. As a crucial part of global supply chains, transportation plays a key role to ensure the implementation of the B&R. Safety is one of the issues with great importance in transportation research. However, its foci have been expanded from traditional risk through security to resilience and sustainability. Resilience has attracted considerable interests from both researchers and practitioners across different research domains in recent years. Various studies have been conducted on transportation resilience from different perspectives. Consequently, different definitions have been developed to define and describe resilience. This paper presents a systematic review on transportation resilience with emphasis on its definitions, characteristics, and research methods applied in different transportation systems/contexts. It aims to figure out what transportation resilience is and what kind of essential characters it usually has. More importantly, research challenges are analysed and a future research agenda on the resilience of transportation systems is proposed. This paper will provide comprehensive insights into understanding the transportation resilience, as well as establish new horizons for relevant research topics within the context of the B&R.     

Generic model for resource allocation in transportation. Application to urban parking management

In this paper, we define the online localized resource allocation problem, especially relevant for modeling transportation applications. The problem modeling takes into account simultaneously the geographical location of consumers and resources together with their online nondeterministic appearance. We use urban parking management as an illustration of this problem. In fact, urban parking management is an online localized resource allocation problem, where the question is how to find an efficient allocation of parking spots to drivers, while they all have dynamic geographical positions and appear nondeterministically. We define this problem and propose a multiagent system to solve it. The objective of the system is to decrease, for private vehicles drivers, the parking spots search time. The drivers are organized in communities and share information about spots availability. We have defined two cooperative models and compared them: a fully cooperative model, where agents share all the available information, and a “coopetitive” model, where drivers do not share information about the spot that they have chosen. Results show the superiority of the first model.     

Assessing the viability of enabling a round-trip carsharing system to accept one-way trips: Application to Logan Airport in Boston

Although one-way carsharing is suitable for more trip purposes than round-trip carsharing, many companies in the world operate only in the round-trip market. In this paper, we develop a method that optimizes the design of a one-way carsharing service between selected origin–destination pairs of an existing round-trip carsharing system. The goal is to supplement the established round-trip services with new one-way services and increase profitability. We develop an integer programming model to select the set of new one-way services and apply it to the case study of Boston, USA, considering only trips with one endpoint at a station in the round-trip Zipcar service network and the other endpoint at Logan Airport. The airport was chosen as a necessary endpoint for a one-way service because it is a very significant trip generator for which the round-trip carsharing is not suitable. Results show that these supplemental one-way services could be profitable. Enabling relocation operations between the existing round-trip stations and the Airport greatly improves the demand effectively satisfied, leads to an acceptable airport station size (in terms of the number of parking spots required), and is profitable; however, these benefits come with the need to manage relocation operations.     

Planning,operation, and control of bus transport systems: A literature review

The efficiency of a transport system depends on several elements, such as available technology, governmental policies, the planning process, and control strategies. Indeed, the interaction between these elements is quite complex, leading to intractable decision making problems. The planning process and real-time control strategies have been widely studied in recent years, and there are several practical implementations with promising results. In this paper, we review the literature on Transit Network Planning problems and real-time control strategies suitable to bus transport systems. Our goal is to present a comprehensive review, emphasizing recent studies as well as works not addressed in previous reviews.     

关于建立我国船舶油污损害赔偿机制问题研究

船舶一旦发生溢油事故,往往给受害人带来巨额的经济损失。为了减少该损失,世界上几乎所有的石油进出口大国都建立了船舶油污损害赔偿机制。然而我国目前并没有专门的油污损害赔偿立法,种种弊端突显。因此,我国亟待建立适合我国国情的油污损害赔偿机制,借鉴国际上的成熟经验,逐步与国际接轨。     

Electrical characteristics of cold ironing energy supply for berthed ships

The reduction of emissions in harbours is of particular importance due to the proximity to human habitation. Vessels normally run onboard generators, typically using diesel fuel, to provide the service loads while berthed. New and upcoming regulations aim to decrease emissions from shipping, and coupled with increased environmental consciousness of ship owners and harbour operators, shore supply is becoming a more popular and feasible option. Cold ironing provides an alternative locally emission-free solution by having berthed ships plug in to the shore electrical network, such that the onboard electrical energy demand is supplied from land. Electrically, a number of different shore network topologies are possible, providing different infrastructural options of supplying power to multiple berths. This paper examines the electrical characteristics of one such installation and the impact on the shoreside electrical network for an existing port using actual visiting ship power profiles. The paper examines how the cold ironing system influences important electrical network characteristics such as bus voltages and power quality, as well as the potential impact on the rest of the utility distribution system.     

一类时滞系统的可靠控制设计

研究一类不确定、时滞、非线性系统的可靠控制问题，针对一类含有时变多状态滞后、参数不确定性和未知非线性的系统，采用带有滞后的状态反馈控制，给出时滞系统对执行器失效和传感器失效具有完整性的充分条件和可靠控制算法。仿真结果验证算法的有效性。     

Development and testing of a fully Adaptive Cruise Control system

Adaptive Cruise Control systems have been developed and introduced into the consumer market for over a decade. Among these systems, fully-adaptive ones are required to adapt their behaviour not only to traffic conditions but also to drivers’ preferences and attitudes, as well as to the way such preferences change for the same driver in different driving sessions. This would ideally lead towards a system where an on-board electronic control unit can be asked by the driver to calibrate its own parameters while he/she manually drives for a few minutes (learning mode). After calibration, the control unit switches to the running mode where the learned driving style is applied. The learning mode can be activated by any driver of the car, for any driving session and each time he/she wishes to change the current driving behaviour of the cruise control system.The modelling framework which we propose to implement comprises four layers (sampler, profiler, tutor, performer). The sampler is responsible for human likeness and can be calibrated while in learning mode. Then, while in running mode, it works together with the other modelling layers to implement the logic. This paper presents the overall framework, with particular emphasis on the sampler and the profiler that are explained in full mathematical detail. Specification and calibration of the proposed framework are supported by the observed data, collected by means of an instrumented vehicle. The data are also used to assess the proposed framework, confirming human-like and fully-adaptive characteristics.     

Intelligent transportation systems: an impact analysis for Michigan

Are Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) affecting transportation industry only? ITS are currently perceived as a contribution to transportation industry only; however, by quantitatively analyzing the economic impact of ITS on the state of Michigan, this work attempts to answer the posed question. The quantitative economic analysis is carried out through the well‐established Leontief's Input–Output (I‐O) model. This model is employed to establish ITS effects on each industry by detailing RIMS II I‐O tables for Michigan constructed from the national I‐O tables. Major savings by ITS identified as reduced time delays and fuel cost savings are quantitatively simulated thereby generating an overall cost reduction factor which is incorporated in Michigan I‐O tables to modify their characteristics. ITS impact on each industry in I‐O tables is achieved by maximizing effects on certain selected industries. Impact multipliers that are customary macro‐economic measures for I‐O analysis are then calculated for all the aggregated industries. Multipliers comparison for the three cases namely before ITS implementation, conventional improvement methods, and after ITS implementation is evaluated. These values suggest greater economic benefits that may be achieved by statewide implementation of the ITS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

脉冲扰动系统的集合稳定性

研究了具有扰动影响的脉冲微分系统的稳定性的判断定理,通过运用Lyapunov函数和脉冲微分不等式理论,并结合扰动项的范数有上界的条件,得到了扰动脉冲系统解的一致渐近稳定性的充分条件；根据定理的条件,便可以容易的判断出一些复杂脉冲扰动系统的稳定性；利用脉冲微分不等式理论研究具有扰动的脉冲微分系统的集合稳定性是本文的主要的创新点.