丰田燃料电池汽车Mirai技术分析

燃料电池汽车因具有零排放、续驶里程长、燃料加注快和噪声低等优势,引起了国内外汽车产商的广泛关注,将燃料电池新能源汽车作为研发的重点,并推出了一些量产的燃料电池汽车。基于丰田Mirai燃料电池汽车,对其技术原理和核心总成部件进行了综述分析,并对燃料电池汽车的发展方向和关键技术问题进行了思考和建议,为读者提供了有益的参考和借鉴。     

国内燃料电池电堆技术进展综述

国际氢能与燃料电池汽车大会是国内燃料电池行业举办的国际一流的年度行业盛会,聚集全世界氢能与燃料电池技术的开发者、燃料电池汽车制造商、氢能燃料电池领域投资者和政府政策的制定者,携手促进氢能及燃料电池汽车的商业化发展。本文以第四届氢能与燃料电池汽车大会内容为基础,结合目前行业发展现状对国内燃料电池电堆、膜电极以及双极板的技术进展和发展趋势进行了简要阐述。     

A bi-objective dynamic programming approach for airline green fleet planning

Ensuring a fleet of green aircraft is a basic step in mitigating aviation pollution issues that are expected to be worsen in the coming years due to rapid air traffic growth. This study proposed a novel methodology in green fleet planning in which both profit and green performance of airline are considered simultaneously and explicitly. To do this, a Green Fleet Index (GFI) is derived as an indicator to quantify the green performance of airline’s fleet. It measures the degree of airline compliance with a standard requirement in terms of emission, noise, and fuel consumption. A bi-objective dynamic programming model is then formulated to find optimal aircraft acquisition (lease or purchase) decision by minimizing GFI and maximizing profit. Several interesting results are obtained: (1) considering environmental issue as secondary objective yields a greener fleet; (2) airline’s profit is affected, but could be recovered from environmental cost savings; (3) increasing load factor is an effective operational improvement strategy to enhance airline’s green performance and raise profit level. It is anticipated that the framework developed in this study could assist airlines to make a smart decision when considering the need to be green.     

Comparing rail fuel efficiency with truck and waterway

This paper presents a railroad energy efficiency model used to estimate the fuel economies for classes of trains transporting various commodities. Comparable procedures are used to estimate truck and waterway fuel consumption. The results show that coal unit trains are 4.5–5.0 times more energy efficient than movements in the largest trucks allowed in the eastern and western regions of the US, unit grain train movements in the central US are 4.6 times more fuel efficient, soda ash unit train and non-unit train shipments are 4.9 and 3.2 times more efficient, and ethanol unit train and non-unit train movements are 4.8 and 3.0 times more efficient. In terms of barge traffic, coal unit train and non-unit train are 1.3 and 0.9 times as energy efficient in the eastern US, grain unit train and non-unit train movements are 1.7 and 1.0 times more efficient from Minneapolis to the Gulf of Mexico, and grain unit train and non-unit train movements are 1.0 and 0.7 times more fuel efficient from the Upper Ohio River to the Gulf of Mexico.     

Combustion development of a Bi-Fuel engine

Environmental improvement and energy issues are increasingly becoming more important as worldwide concerns. Natural gas is a good alternative fuel that can help to improve these issues because of its large quantity and clean burning characteristics. This paper provides the experimental performance results of a Bi-Fuel engine that uses Compressed Natural Gas as its Primary fuel and gasoline as its secondary fuel. This engine is a modification of the basic 1.4-liter gasoline engine. Generally, on the unmodified base engine, torque and power for CNG fuel are considerably lower than gasoline fuel. In this paper, the influence of fuels on wall temperature, performance and emissions are investigated.     

聚丙烯纤维对混凝土性能的影响分析

本文主要论述了聚丙烯纤维对混凝土性能的影响,从聚丙烯纤维作用机理、功能、对混凝土强度、耐久性四个方面进行分析,并提出了未来的研究方向.     

工艺中的泄漏检测对产品质量控制的重要性

文章阐明了密封性测试在批量生产方式的汽车制造业中的重要性,介绍了广泛使用的压力法和流量法泄漏检测的基本原理,着重通过实例说明了根据不同检漏方法开发的泄漏测试设备的特点及其在生产中的适用性,并据此对企业在密封工序工艺规划中的设备选择原则进行了分析。通过对用于燃油系统中的脱附试验装置的介绍,进一步表明了基于合理方案研制的专用密封性检测设备能为产品质量提供可靠的保证。     

正交异性钢桥面板典型疲劳细节变形与裂纹尖端应力分析

为了解车轮荷载作用对正交异性钢桥面板典型疲劳细节的影响,以长门特大桥为背景,采用有限元法建立正交异性钢桥面板节段模型及易开裂部位的子模型,分析在不同横向荷载分布下3处典型疲劳细节受力及面内外变形,得到各细节最不利加载位置。对最不利位置进行加载,分析疲劳裂纹尖端应力强度因子变化规律,研究不同疲劳细节裂纹类型及扩展能力。结果表明:单轮荷载作用下,横隔板弧形缺口位置会发生面内外变形,顶板-U肋焊根处以面外变形为主,横隔板间的顶板-U肋焊缝焊根位置面外变形最大。在裂纹较短时,随着长度的增加,弧形缺口裂纹从张开型裂纹逐渐转向张开型、滑开型混合裂纹,且横隔板处的顶板-U肋焊根裂纹为复合型裂纹,横隔板间的顶板-U肋焊根裂纹为张开型裂纹。横隔板弧形缺口裂纹和顶板-U肋焊缝焊根裂纹的尖端应力强度因子的最大值,分别出现在裂纹长度为20 mm和40 mm附近,该处裂纹较容易继续扩展。     

青藏铁路列车乘务人员体力劳动强度分级的研究

目的探索在高原低气压低氧环境中列车乘务人员体力劳动强度状况，为制订合理用工制度、劳动定额及福利待遇，保障铁路行车人员身体健康和行车安全提供科学依据。方法选择北京-拉萨T27／28次（三组）特快列车乘务工务岗位的餐车厨师、餐车服务员、列车员和检车员4个工种在西宁-拉萨运行期间的体力劳动强度进行测量。结果青藏铁路列车乘务岗位体力劳动强度均在Ⅳ级以上，其劳动特点为能量代谢率高、持续作业时间长，属能量消耗大的重体力劳动。建议高原旅客列车乘务工务岗位劳动强度级别必须控制在Ⅳ级以内，女职工不应超过Ⅲ级；进行高海拔大跨度运营作业前，必须进行适应性训练；必须建立青藏铁路职工健康监护体系，监察高原病及其他职业病发生变化趋势，及时采取有效控制措施，保障工人身体健康。     

智能网联技术应用于混合动力汽车探析

文章简要介绍了混合动力汽车和智能网联技术的研究现状,阐明了混合动力汽车与智能网联技术相结合的意义。着重论述了在智能网联环境下混合动力汽车进行能量管理的优势以及混合动力汽车实现智能网联的技术要求,最后对未来二者的依托发展进行了展望。