非消声水池声强法声功率测试的数值模拟

针对非消声水池中采用声强法获取低频辐射声功率研究较少的情况,提出对声强法声功率测试过程进行数值模拟,以获得必要的测试参数。建立水中大尺度圆柱壳结构的有限元模型以及水池的边界元模型,将圆柱壳的响应作为边界元模型的速度边界条件,计算水池中测试阵面的声强。通过叠加获得圆柱壳的辐射声功率,然后依次调整测试参数(面元大小、阵面高度、自由面和底部包络面、池壁吸声),并将各种计算结果与自由场中圆柱壳的辐射声功率进行比较,最终获得适合工程应用的测试参数设置。     

基于谱分析与RC梁桥检验的脉冲型近场地震动强度度量指标

近场地震动和远离震源地区的地震地面运动存在显著区别,速度脉冲是其造成巨大震害后果的主要因素之一,有必要深入研究近场速度脉冲破坏能力的合理度量指标。在既有脉冲模拟模型的基础上,引入一种采用三角函数叠加不同比例高频分量的速度脉冲模拟模型,考虑地震下结构的累积能量和瞬时能量需求,以强度和能量为指标,对近断层地震的速度脉冲效应进行单自由度(SDOF)体系的谱分析,对不同脉冲参数下结构地震响应的影响程度进行定量对比。结果表明:同类脉冲下,累积输入能量受高频地震分量影响明显,而瞬时输入能量则主要取决于速度脉冲的自有强度,脉冲持时与结构自振周期之比、脉冲峰值是决定结构地震响应的最主要因素,从而构建表征速度脉冲强度的度量指标,并采用14条包含典型脉冲的近场地震记录为输入,以一座五跨连续梁桥为算例验证该指标的合理性。     

Potential of low viscosity oils to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of urban buses fleets

This paper shows the results of a comparative fleet test the main objective of which was to measure the influence of Low Viscosity Oils (LVO) over the fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions of urban buses. To perform this test, 39 urban buses, classified into candidate and reference groups depending on the engine oil viscosity, covered a 60,000 km mileage corresponding to two rounds of standard Oil Drain Interval (ODI). In the same way, for 9 buses of the 39 buses, the effect of differential LVO over fuel consumption and their interaction with engine LVO was assessed during the second ODI.Test results confirm that the use of LVO could reduce fuel consumption, hence CO₂ emissions. However, special attention should be taken prior to its implementation in a fleet, particularly if the vehicles are powered by engines with high mechanical and thermal stresses during vehicle operation because this could lead to friction loss increase, loss of the potential fuel consumption reduction of LVO and, in the worst scenario, higher rates of engine wear.     

Impact of transition between signal timing plans in social cost based in delay,fuel consumption and air emissions

Significant effects of traffic congestion include the cost associated with extra travel time, fuel consumption, and gas emissions. This paper develops a mathematical function to quantify the monetary impact of transition designs between signal timing plans on users and the environment. This function offers an approach to reduce problems such as excessive travel time, pollution emissions and fuel consumption. The proposed social cost function is evaluated for various transition plans to assess the impact of the number of steps required to adjust signal timing. The relationships between delay, fuel consumption and gas emissions and the number of steps needed to achieve the transition are also analysed.     

Optimal development of alternative fuel station networks considering node capacity restrictions

A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector is the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). As global GHG emission standards have been in place for passenger cars for several years, infrastructure modelling for new AFV is an established topic. However, as the regulatory focus shifts towards heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), the market diffusion of AFV-HDV will increase as will planning the relevant AFV infrastructure for HDV. Existing modelling approaches need to be adapted, because the energy demand per individual refill increases significantly for HDV and there are regulatory as well as technical limitations for alternative fuel station (AFS) capacities at the same time. While the current research takes capacity restrictions for single stations into account, capacity limits for locations (i.e. nodes) – the places where refuelling stations are built such as highway entries, exits or intersections – are not yet considered. We extend existing models in this respect and introduce an optimal development for AFS considering (station) location capacity restrictions. The proposed method is applied to a case study of a potential fuel cell heavy-duty vehicle AFS network. We find that the location capacity limit has a major impact on the number of stations required, station utilization and station portfolio variety.     

供应链中的企业合作强度

提出评价供应链绩效的供应链企业合作强度的新概念.影响企业间合作强度的主要因素是供应链中企业的竞争力和合作企业之间的合作阻力系数.假设企业合作强度与企业竞争力成正比,与企业合作阻力系数成反比,构建了企业合作阻力系数的计算方法.在此基础上构建了供应链相邻节点企业之间和企业整体合作强度的计算模型.计算模型中考虑了综合收益和综合成本两个参数,并分别针对整个合作过程提出了具体的计算方法.     

江阴大桥强风报警及风场特性分析

风荷载对悬索桥的运营期安全有重要影响.文章利用健康监测系统实测数据,建立了江阴长江公路大桥风特性数据库.在此基础上,一方面针对风速设定报警阈值,从而保证了行车与结构安全,另一方面计算得到紊流强度、阵风系数等风特性,对桥梁设计风荷载参数取值的合理性进行了验证.研究结论为江阴大桥的抗风安全性评价提供了实测依据,同时可为该地区其他工程结构的抗风研究提供参考.     

涡强化扁管管片式散热器中流动与换热的数值模拟

以空气为介质,在Re=500～2 100的范围通过数值模拟的方法对涡强化扁管管片散热器中涡产生器形成的涡的相互干涉及其对散热器流动与换热性能的影响进行了研究分析.说明了当涡产生器呈线性布置而涡产生器的数量发生变化时对横截面上平均Nu数和涡旋强度Γ的影响,并对在本文所采用的模型参数下加装涡产生器的最佳数量进行了探讨.     

地震烈度对桥梁抗震能力的研究分析

将能力谱方法应用于桥墩横向和纵向抗震性能的分析,研究在特定场地条件下不同地震烈度对桥梁抗震能力的影响,结果表明:地震烈度越大,其抗震需求越大,性能点的位移也逐渐增大,总体趋势是地震反应由弹性进入塑性.     

沥青路面裂纹扩展数值模拟及影响因素分析

应用线弹性断裂力学理论结合同时考虑交通与温度载荷的有限元方法来研究沥青路面裂纹扩展路径.采用1/4等参奇异性单元模拟裂纹尖端的应力奇异性,运用窗口移动技术模拟裂纹扩展路径,并发展了沥青路面裂纹扩展模拟程序.应用该程序模拟了不同荷载作用位置下路面结构中表面和基层底面裂纹的扩展情况,同时研究了路面结构层模量组合对沥青路面裂纹扩展的影响.模拟表明,该方法能较好地模拟裂纹扩展行为,有助于更好地了解沥青路面的开裂行为.