An assessment of the performance of the European long intermodal freight trains (LIFTS)

Intermodal rail/road freight transport has always been considered as a competitive alternative to its road freight counterpart in the European medium- to long-distance corridors (markets). Such consideration has been based on the increasing competitiveness of some innovative rail services and the existing and prospective performance of both modes in terms of the full social – internal or operational and external – costs. The most recent innovation of rail technologies and related services launched by some European railway companies, still at the conceptual level, is the Long Intermodal Freight Train (LIFT). This is supposed to be a block train operating in long-distance corridors (markets) with a substantial and regular freight demand.This paper develops analytical models for assessing the performance of the LIFTs, the already-operating Conventional Intermodal Freight Trains (CIFTs), and their road counterpart as well. The performance consists of the full – internal (private) and external – costs of the door-to-door delivery of loading units – containers, swap-bodies, and semi-trailers. The internal costs embrace the operational costs of the transport (rail and road) and intermodal terminal operators. The external costs include the costs of the impacts of door-to-door delivery of loading units on society and the environment. These negative externalities include noise, air pollution, traffic accidents, and congestion.The models are applied to a simplified version of intermodal and road transport system using inputs from the European freight transport sector. The aims are to compare the full costs of particular modalities in order to investigate the potential of the LIFTs as compared with the CIFTs in improving the internal efficiency of the rail freight sector and its competitiveness with respect to its road counterpart. In addition, the paper attempts to assess some effects on the potential modal shift of EU (European Union) transport policies on internalizing transport externalities.     

整孔箱梁预制消耗工天测定

整孔箱梁是近几年广泛应用的型梁，由于其具有一次成型、整体性好的特点，因此在城市地铁和客运专线桥梁施工中逐步占据主导地位。整孔箱梁预制施工复杂，工序较多，目前缺少定额资料，因而工费确定比较困难。此文针对广州地铁四号线整孔箱梁预制情况，对工序进行详细划分，用写实方法现场测定各工序作业工天。此测定资料对编制箱梁预制定额、控制工费成本及优化现场劳动力组织具有参考意义。     

关于公路建设项目经济评价的几点思考

经济评价是通过财务评价和国民经济评价,分析项目的经济合理性和财务合理性,并作为项目是否建设的重要决定要素之一。交通量预测、评价指标的选取、征地补偿费用与土地机会成本、国民经济效益等计量的正确与否将直接影响项目经济评价的结果。     

论企业的多元化

随着我国加入世贸组织,中国企业正面临着越来越激烈的竞争,经营的多元化也更多的成为企业决策时的选择。然而,有些企业由于对多元化的本质认识不够,在实行多元化战略的过程中暴露出一些问题,有些企业甚至陷入了所谓的多元化经营危机。本文将就企业在多元化经营方面的一些问题做经济学的理论探讨,并为中国企业在多元化经营方面提供一点决策建议。     

地铁高架槽形梁足尺模型破坏试验与空间分析研究

通过某城市地铁高架试验段槽形梁桥足尺模型破坏试验,测定结构的极限承载能力,研究其空间受力变形特性及破坏特征。试验结果表明,结构在正常使用和极限状态下的极限荷载分别为设计荷载的1.68和3.0倍,具有足够的安全系数。三维有限元数值计算结果表明,底板存在剪力滞后现象,越接近梁端愈明显。底板纵向剪应力最大值出现在梁端附近截面底板与腹板相交处,支座脱空效应对脱空支座位置的底板应力影响较大,设计中需对梁端进行局部加强处理。跨中截面腹板出现拉应力,最大可达0.91 MPa,设计中应考虑设置一定的竖向抗拉钢筋,防止裂缝产生。     

城市轨道交通预制箱梁设计概算编制

以北京市和广州市轨道交通工程为例，详细介绍了大吨位整孔预制箱梁预制和架设的概算编制方法，指出机械地套用地方市政定额是不科学和不切实际的，应根据工程的具体工艺工法借用铁路工程定额，达到合理确定工程造价的目的。     

Economic factors affecting the registration of lower CO2 emitting aircraft in Europe

We examine the various forces influencing the development and uptake of environmentally beneficial technical changes, focusing on airline technology. Within this context, we consider not only the nature of competition within the final market in which aircraft, an intermediate product, are sold, but also that of the product market itself, the commercial airline industry. The reasons for the gradual reduction in CO₂ per seat per aircraft movement in aircraft design are examined in terms of the real costs of aviation fuel, changes in the nature of the supply industry, the movement towards carbon cap-trade policies, and endogenous technical progress in the technology of the industry. The latter being taken as an empirical proxy for the role market forms play in influencing the fuel efficiency of the types of aircraft used. The results support the existence of these latter forces on the demand for aircraft types, allowing for other influences that affect aircraft technology.     

二阶段易腐物品生产研究

对二阶段易腐物品生产过程进行了分析，在充分考虑了原料，半成品和成品的库存损耗特性的基础上，建立了二阶段易腐物品生产模型及其遗传算法。     

Executive Stock Option, Mediation of Agency Costs and Allocation of Power in Levered Firms

The relationship between options and agency costs in levered firms is studied by modeling the effect of executive stock options on the manager‘s investment strategy in levered firms. Stock options do not necessarily aggravate agency costs in levered finns. The corporate governance affects agency costs greatly. If debt-holders were entitled to design executive stock options together with stockholders, by allocating power properly between stockholders and debt-holders, firm value could be enhanced greatly. The following way of allocating power between the two parties is proposed: the exercise price should be the weighted average of the stockholders‘ and debtholders‘ suggested exercise prices. The weight allocated to debt-holders is positively related to the amount of debts that debt-holders lend to stockholders.     

桥梁工程BIM技术应用研究

建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling)是以建筑工程项目的各项相关信息数据作为模型的基础,进行建筑模型的建立,通过数字信息仿真模拟建筑物所具有的真实信息,它具有可视性、协调性、模拟性、优化性和可出图性五大特点。而BIM技术在桥梁工程建设领域的应用目前正处于前期阶段,初步探索在设计、施工、后期运营养护维修的全生命周期中如何利用BIM技术来提高设计效率、改善设计质量、加强施工组织及后期运营管理,具体的实现方法以及应用BIM技术所能带来的效益,希望能对BIM技术在桥梁工程方面的应用拓展思路。