公路建设项目竣工环境风险验收调查探讨

文章阐述了公路建设项目环境风险的现状、特点及危害,分析了公路建设项目竣工环境风险验收调查存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的对策和建议,为有效防范公路环境风险提供理论支持和参考。     

基于跟踪车辆的隧道运营危害风险研究

为分析交通事故尤其是危险品运输事故对隧道运营带来的潜在危害风险,首先,通过改进个人风险接受准则法对隧道运营危害风险进行量化,假定隧道同时只发生1 次交通事故,将事故造成的危害分为原发性危害和次生性危害,建立隧道运营危害计算模型,对不同跟踪车所造成的司乘人身危害风险进行评估。然后,对实际案例进行分析。分析案例结果表明: 1)在高峰小时,有危险品运输情况下隧道运营危害提高22. 05%,说明隧道中混合车流会极大提高隧道运营的不安全性; 2)次生性危害增长尤为显著, 故危险品运输车事故对跟踪车辆带来的二次事故后果更加严重。最后,据此提出隧道运营组织的相关建议。     

高速公路合流区上匝道混合车流通行能力经验计算法

研究高速公路合流区上匝道混合车流的通行能力的计算问题。利用已有的高速公路合流区外侧车道交通特征分析结论,推求在外侧车流不同车头时距分布特征下的上匝道混合车流汇合概率模型。运用回归技术和统计方法,建立了加速车道合流点分布概率的实测经验模型。对可接受间隙理论的原型进行了形式上的修正,最终建立高速公路合流区上匝道的混合车流通行能力经验模型,它是主路交通量、匝道交通量、加速车道长度、匝道混合车流比例以及各自的临界间隙和随车时距的函数。最后结合实例介绍经验模型的数值积分求解方法,并证实该经验计算方法具有较高的实效性和可操作性。     

提高投标中标率之浅见

介绍了施工投标中,影响中标率的主要因素,为提高中标率应重点做好编标的组织管理、报价编制依据和技巧、投标报价的决策等几项工作。     

环境监测在高速公路环境保护验收调查中的应用

通过高速公路竣工环境保护验收调查的应用实例,分析了高速公路建设的环境影响因素,根据高速公路施工期和营运期的环境影响特点,确定了高速公路竣工环境保护验收监测工作方案,对气、水、声、生态验收监测结果进行了分析,总结了高速公路竣工环境保护验收监测工作需要注意的几个关键问题。     

论人身保险合同订立中保险人的答复义务

人身保险合同订立中,作为要约书面形式的投保书通常未标明有效期限,为合理分担合同未成立前的风险,保证交易的安全,实现当事人间利益的平衡和社会正义,应当强制保险人在法定时间或合理期限内答复, 而无论承诺与否;否则,即构成默示承诺。     

What drives people to accept automated vehicles? Findings from a field experiment

This field study aims at understanding the influence of direct experience of an automated vehicle (AV, Level 3) and explaining and predicting public acceptance of AVs through a psychological model. The model includes behavioral intention (BI) to use self-driving vehicles (SDVs, Level 5), willingness to re-ride (WTR) in our AV (Level 3), and their four potential determinants, namely perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), trust related to SDVs, and perceived safety (PS) while riding in our AV. The last two determinants are largely ignored, but we consider them critical in the context of AVs. Three-hundred students were invited as participants (passengers) to experience the AV. The trust, PU, PEU, and BI of the participants were recorded prior to their experiencing the AV; after this experience, all the constructs of the psychological model were recorded. The participants’ experience with the AV was found to increase their trust, PU and PEU (but not BI), the consistency between PU/PEU and BI, and the explanatory power of BI. The model explained 55% of the variance in BI and 40% in WTR. PU, trust, and PS were found to be steady and direct predictors of both the acceptance measures; PEU predicted BI only after the participants’ AV experience. Mediation analysis showed that trust also can indirectly affect AV acceptance through other determinants. Out-of-sample prediction confirmed the model’s predictive capability for AV acceptance. The theoretical contributions and practical implications of the findings are discussed.     

Connectivity’s impact on mandatory lane-changing behaviour: Evidences from a driving simulator study

The connected environment provides driving aids to help drivers making efficient and safe driving decisions. The literature to date is devoid of conclusive evidences of the connected environment’s impact on drivers’ mandatory lane-changing (MLC) behaviour. As such, the objective of this study is to examine MLC behaviour through a driving simulator experiment using the CARRS-Q Advanced Driving Simulator. Participants with diverse background performed the experiment in randomised driving conditions: baseline (without the driving aids), connected environment with perfect communication, and connected environment with communication delay. Repeated measure ANOVA in the form of linear mixed model and Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) are employed to analyse various driving performance indicators during MLC event. We find that drivers in the connected environment tend to wait longer, increase the initial speed, and maintain a larger spacing, compared to when they are driving in the baseline condition. In addition, drivers in the connected environment are likely to reject fewer number of gaps and select relatively bigger gap sizes. Furthermore, post-encroachment time (PET) in the connected environment is higher across different gap sizes, indicating that the connected environment makes MLC safer. The GEE model on gap acceptance suggests that the perfect communication and communication delay has positive and negative impact on the accepted gap size, respectively, and the GEE model on lane-change duration indicates that lane-change duration tends to increase in the connected environment.     

An empirical investigation on consumers’ intentions towards autonomous driving

Major steps towards implementation of autonomous and connected transport are being taken nowadays. The trend of automation technology being used in vehicles by the most important vehicle manufacturing industries is expected to move closer to high or fully Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) through technological advancements in sectors of robotics and artificial intelligence. Vehicles with autonomous driving capabilities are planning to be available on market, in full scale, in the next years. In the longer term substantial benefits are mainly expected for accessibility to transport, safety, traffic flow, emissions, fuel use and comfort. All these potential societal benefits will not be achieved unless AVs are accepted and used by a critical mass of people. Addressing these challenges, this paper: (a) proposes a technology acceptance modelling process by extending the original Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explain and predict consumers’ intensions towards AVs, (b) based on the proposed TAM-extended framework, a 30-question survey was conducted in order to investigate the factors influencing consumers’ intensions to use and accept AVs. Results show that the constructs of perceived usefulness, perceived ease to use, perceived trust and social influence, are all useful predictors of behavioral intentions to have or use AVs, with perceived usefulness having the strongest impact. The insights derived from this study could significantly contribute to ongoing research related to technology acceptance of AVs and are expected to allow automobile industries to improve their design and technology.     

高速铁路通信工程施工质量验收标准解读

新修订的《高速铁路通信工程施工质量验收标准》TB 10755于2018年发布,2019年2月1日正式实施。本文结合工程实际,综合考虑技术进步、管理水平发展、国家相关法律法规以及有关标准的更新等因素,总结设计、施工、监理等单位的经验,从标准修订的背景,新标准整体上的变化,以及各系统的细节变化等方面,对新验收标准进行了详细解读。