神经网络控制汽油机空燃比的研究

结合发动机空燃比的控制特征，研究了一种能自适应补偿喷油量的CMAC控制器。介绍了其自适应补偿算法——学习—补偿法。通过采用台架试验数据加随机扰动数据并用MATLAB对CMAC进行训练和仿真，获取了控制器参数，验证了控制器的学习能力、鲁棒性和控制精度。     

Traveled distance,stock and fuel efficiency of private vehicles in Canada: price elasticities and rebound effect

This paper presents estimates of the rebound effect and other elasticities for the Canadian light-duty vehicle fleet using panel data at the provincial level from 1990 to 2004. We estimate a simultaneous three-equation model of aggregate demand for vehicle kilometers traveled, vehicle stock and fuel efficiency. Price and income elasticities obtained are broadly consistent with those reported in the literature. Among other results, an increase in the fuel price of 10% would reduce driving by ~2% in the long term and by 1% the average fuel consumption rate. Estimates of the short- and long-term rebound effects are ~8 and 20%, respectively. We also find that an increase in the gross domestic product per capita of 10% would cause an increase in driving distance of 2–3% and an increase of up to 4% in vehicle stock per adult. In terms of policy implications, our results suggest that: (1) the effectiveness of new fuel efficiency standards will be somewhat mitigated by the rebound effect and (2) fuel price increases have limited impacts on gasoline demand.

废气进气方式对汽油机性能及NOx排放影响的研究

在一台4气门汽油机上，通过改变再循环废气进入气缸的方式，研究了回流废气对NOx排放以及对发动机动力性、经济性的影响。得到了在试验条件下对应于发动机最佳综合性能时应采取的最佳废气再循环率。     

汽油车低温冷起动和常温冷起动排放特性的对比分析

针对国Ⅲ标准中新规定的-7°的低温冷起动测试,采用对比试验的方法比较了低温冷起动(Ⅵ型试验)和常温冷起动(Ⅰ型试验)整个排放过程中CO、HC和CO2的排放差异。对两种温度条件下的催化器入口温度进行了比较分析。通过对排放特性的比较,简述了汽油车低温冷起动排放控制方法。     

The endogeneity of OECD gasoline taxes: Evidence from pair-wise,heterogeneous panel long-run causality tests

Despite the current interest in using fuel taxes as an instrument for climate policy, there has been little study of current automotive fuel tax regimes. We expand on two earlier cross-sectional studies on why fuel taxes differ across countries by using OECD panel data and employing heterogeneous panel cointegration and long-run panel Granger-causality techniques. We confirm some of those earlier studies’ conclusions. Further, we find that governments that rely on consumption-based taxes for revenues will have higher gasoline tax rates (than governments that rely on income and wealth/property-based taxes). But more significantly, we determine that higher gasoline demand among consumers “causes” democratic governments to set lower gasoline taxes—a finding with important implications for today’s climate/energy policy debate.     

顶置凸轮轴配气机构有限元动力模型计算及试验研究

采用有限元动力模型，对顶置凸轮轴配气机构进行了动力分析计算，在已知凸轮升程数据的条件下，求出凸轮轴不同转速时的气门运动规律，配气机构各阶自振频率和振动振型，并研究了油温，油压及混入气泡量不同时，气门间隙液压调节器对配气机构运动特性的影响。     

CA488型发动机活塞的国产化

ＣＡ４８８型发动机，是从美国克莱斯公司引进的２．２Ｌ，直列四缸，四冲程，水冷，顶置凸轮轴，火花点火化油器式汽油发动机，介绍了国产化后的活塞的材料，结构，形位公差及粗糙度控制等方面的情况，以及各项检验，台架试验和道路试验结果。     

Do motor-vehicle users in the US pay their way?

Governments in the US spend over a hundred billion dollars per year to build and maintain roads and provide a variety of services for motor-vehicle users. To pay for these infrastructure and services governments collect revenue from a variety of taxes and fees. The basic objective of this paper is to compare these government expenditures with the corresponding user tax and fee payments in the US. At the outset I argue that the such comparisons tell us something about the equity but not necessarily the economic efficiency of highway financing. I then present four different ways one might tally up government expenditures and user payments, depending on the extent to which one wishes to count “indirect” expenditures (e.g., on prosecuting car thieves) and non-targeted general-tax payments (e.g., severance taxes on oil). I make a comprehensive analysis of all possible expenditures and payments, and then compare them according to three of the four ways of counting expenditures and payments. The analysis indicates that in the US current tax and fee payments to the government by motor-vehicle users fall short of government expenditures related to motor-vehicle use by approximately 20–70 cents per gallon of all motor fuel. (Note that in this accounting we include only government expenditures; we do not include any “external” costs of motor-vehicle use.) The extent to which one counts indirect government expenditures related to motor-vehicle use is a key factor in the comparison.     

我国纳税申报法律制度的弊端分析

我国的纳税申报法律制度的建立已经有了二十多年的历史,其问虽然经过了多次的修改和完善,也极大地促进了税收法治与税收民主,但总体上讲,我国现行的纳税申报法律制度依然存在着相当多的问题,不仅与税收征管改革不配套,而且还存在着侵犯纳税人权益的问题,因此,我们必须修改相关法律法规,以完善我国的纳税申报法律制度．     

Modelling greenhouse gas emissions from cars in Great Britain

This paper outlines the issues involved in the problem of global warming. The road transport sector's contributions to this problem are then detailed and various policy options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from private cars are discussed. The paper then describes a model which forecasts greenhouse gas emissions from cars. The effects of various policy options are then modelled and the results compared. Policies considered include: raising fuel prices in terms of the UK government's commitment to increase road fuel duties; subsidising public transport in terms of reduced public transport fares; and a tax differentiated by engine size.