标定技术在汽油机排放控制中的应用

减少汽油机的排放污染和研究汽油机排放控制技术,对保护环境具有重要意义。文章简述了汽油机主要排放污染物的生成机理,并根据污染物生成特性,制定出相应标定控制策略。利用增加进气量、减稀空燃比及推迟点火等标定手段,提高冷启动时催化器转化效率,降低了冷启动时的污染物;根据油膜效应优化燃油喷射量,降低了瞬态加减速时的排放污染物。试验证明,标定控制技术与三元催化器有机结合,是当前控制排放污染物和降低催化器成本的最有效手段。     

Modelling greenhouse gas emissions from cars in Great Britain

This paper outlines the issues involved in the problem of global warming. The road transport sector's contributions to this problem are then detailed and various policy options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from private cars are discussed. The paper then describes a model which forecasts greenhouse gas emissions from cars. The effects of various policy options are then modelled and the results compared. Policies considered include: raising fuel prices in terms of the UK government's commitment to increase road fuel duties; subsidising public transport in terms of reduced public transport fares; and a tax differentiated by engine size.     

碳税政策下绿色物流发展的三方演化博弈

各行为主体的博弈均衡是绿色物流发展需要解决的关键问题。基于碳税政策导向,以政府、企业、第三方监查方为利益主体,从基础成本、声誉损益、奖励补贴、惩罚损失、税收收入、基准收益、其他支撑等7个方面定义各变量与参数,构造了绿色物流发展三方博弈系统。设计不同策略组合下的收益矩阵,并通过其与策略选择概率的相互关系确定各方的期望收益。运用Malthusian原理,建立碳税政策下绿色物流发展的复制动态方程,分析策略行为的博弈演化规律。数值分析与系统仿真结果表明：1) 三方博弈对绿色物流发展的行为特征、主体责任、利益导向明确,分别表现为政府引导、企业落实与第三方监查;监管、减排与督察;碳税税额、减排补贴与上报奖励。2) 政府、企业、第三方监查方等均支撑绿色物流的稳定发展,其利益参数正向积极作用于各主体的策略组合与选择,效果上,对第三方监查方的作用要弱于政府与企业方。3) 碳税税额、超额碳排量、减排补贴、上报奖励等对绿色物流发展积极有效,各参数均能支撑政府引导方的加强监管策略,且完成演化到稳态;对物流企业落实方的严格减排策略有积极正向作用,其中碳税税额与超额碳排量相较上报奖励效果更好、稳定性更强;对第三方监查方的策略选择表现为正向且相对弱水平,概率变化区间较小。研究结果可为碳税政策下绿色物流利益主体的策略行为选择服务,支撑其高质量发展。     

新标准下汽油车下线尾气排放检验分析及建议

为解决我国汽油车污染物排放控制的问题,生态环境部发布了有关汽油车污染物排放 限值及测量方法的新国标,从国标变化点解析、新国标实施流程和内部标准建议等方面研究了汽车生产企业应该重点关注的流程和管控点,搭建新标准下新生产汽油车污染物排放测试管控体系框架,为车企污染物排放测试管控工作提供参考,并为改进和创新国家的排放标准体 系进行初步探索。     

枣庄市X区国税局推行绩效考核的实践与思考

税务部门传统的考核方法无法有效调动税务人员工作积极性,存在诸多弊端,枣庄市X区国税局以量化积分制考核破解考核难题,提高了工作绩效,更新了管理理念。     

内燃机掺氢燃烧可行性分析

利用氢和汽油或柴油共同作为燃料,可使汽油或柴油充分燃烧,大幅度节约汽油或柴油,降低排气污染,这在目前是很有意义的。文章综述了掺氢内燃机的研究现状,分析内燃机掺氢燃烧（以汽油机为主）的特性、掺氢燃烧的优势以及掺氢对柴油机过量空气系数的影响,通过内燃机掺氢以后动力性能、经济性能与排放性能的改变,论证了掺氢内燃机的优势及市场的潜力。     

基于BP神经网络的车用汽油机过渡工况空燃比多步预测模型

为克服车用汽油机空燃比传输延迟对空燃比控制精度的影响,提出了一种基于BP神经网络的空燃比多步预测模型。通过对空燃比数学模型的分析,确定神经网络空燃比多步预测模型的输入向量,同时为提高空燃比预测精度,在神经网络输入向量中增加反映空燃比变化趋势的导数信息。以HL495发动机过渡工况试验数据进行仿真,结果表明该方法能精确预测过渡工况空燃比。     

Experimental investigation and comparison of nanoparticle emission characteristics in light-duty vehicles for two different fuels

In recent years, particle number emissions rather than particulate mass emissions in automotive engines have become the subject with controversial discussions. Recent results from studies of health effects imply that it is possible that particulate mass does not properly correlate with the variety of health effects attributed to engine exhaust. The concern is now focusing on nano-sized particles emitted from I. C. engines. In this study, particulate mass and particle number concentration emitted from light-duty vehicles were investigated for a better understanding of the characteristics of the engine PM from different types of fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel. Engine nano-particle mass and size distributions of four test vehicles were measured by a condensation particle counter system, which is recommended by the particle measurement program in Europe (PMP), at the end of a dilution tunnel along a NEDC test mode on a chassis dynamometer. We found that particle number concentrations of diesel passenger vehicles with DPF system are lower than gasoline passenger vehicles, but PM mass has some similar values. However, in diesel vehicles with DPF system, PM mass and particle number concentrations were greatly influenced by PM regeneration. Particle emissions in light-duty vehicles emitted about 90% at the ECE15 cycle in NEDC test mode, regardless of vehicle fuel type. Particle emissions at the early cold condition of engine were highly emitted in the test mode.     

我国车用汽油质量浅析

虽然供用燃料和车用燃料电池在继续发展,但是在2030年以前、汽油将仍然是汽车的主要燃料。为了满足经济增长的需要,在2010年我国将进口约1亿吨原油。我国有足够的炼油能力,生产汽油满足汽车工业发展的需要。从2000年7月1日起,我国禁止使用含铅汽油和研究法锌烷值低于90的低标号汽油。汽油新标准GB17930－1999的实施,标志着汽油质量在减少发动机排放的进程中取得了显著的进步。为了满足日益严格的环保要求,我国汽油质量还应进一步提高。     

四冲程汽油机循环模拟的研究

介绍了以一维不定常流动的特征线法为基础的四冲程汽油机循环模拟程序，讨论了边界条件的处理方式。使用摹心程序对ＡＶＵＸＨＡＬＬ汽油机进行了计算验证。并将该模拟程序应用于４６５型４气门发动机的波动分析，初步探索利用管系中的谐振效应改善发动机的换气过程。